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Introduction
Microprocessor building blocks 1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): The ALU is a sequential logic circuitry that is intended to perform arithmetic and logical operations, such as ADD, SUBTRACT, AND, OR, SHIFT. Example of a primitive ALU (Input, Output, address input or control input) n-bit ALU and n-bit P 2. Registers: A register is a temporary (internal) storage element
Microprocessor building blocks (contd.) 3. BUSES: The registers and ALU are not permanently connected together, but are joined by a DATA BUS. This bus allows data to be passed from a register to the ALU at one instant and from the ALU to a register at another instant. The bus is, in fact, a parallel set of wires (conductive silicon internal to a chip or tracks on a printed circuit board), which carries information, and which connect all elements together. data bus, address bus and control bus
Usually microcontrollers are used for controlling industrial equipment and machinery and have therefore special instructions as for example bit manipulation instructions.
Watchdog
Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems In control tasks the C is usually embedded in the system. Embedded systems have minimal requirements for memory and program size and need to communicate with simple inputs and outputs. Keyboards, screens, disks, printers are seldomly needed by an embedded system. Microcontrollers are usually dedicated to one task and run one specific program.
One instruction = many machine One instruction = one machine code instructions. code instruction. Portable, task-oriented More English-like Machine specific, machine-oriented Less easy to write and debug.
Course Contents:
Introduction - Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems Memories I_O Ports External Interrupts Timers Clock Options Sleep Modes Reset Sources Reset and Interrupt Vectors Watchdog Timer Communicating Dealing with Analog Signals + CodeVision AVR: C-language Compiler