FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION

THE EPIDEMIOLOGY,ETIOLOGY,DIAGNOSIS,TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE

Joern W.-P. Michael, Klaus U. Schluter-Brust, Peer Eysel

Arif Tantri Hartoyo

20090310216

OSTEOARTHRITIS
Is a chronic disorder of synovial joints in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage accompanied by new growth of cartilage and bone at the joint margins (osteophytes) cyst formation and sclerosis in the subchondral bone, mild synovitis and capsular fibrosis.

OSTEOARTHRITIS

ANATOMY OF KNEE

EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Studies have shown that knee osteoarthritis in men aged 60 to 64 is more commonly found in the right knee (23%) than in the left knee (16.3%), while its distribution seems to be more evenly balanced in women (right knee, 24.2%; left knee, 24.7%) (3, 4). The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the knee is higher among 70-to 74-year-olds.

RISK FACTOR
Endogenous Age (>40 yo) Sex Heredity Ethnic origin (more common in persons of European descent) Post-menopausal changes Exogenous Macrotrauma Repetitive microtrauma Overweight (BMI > 30) Resective joint surgery Lifestyle factors (alcohol, tobacco)

ETIOLOGY
Knee osteoarthritis is classified as either primary (idiopathic)or secondary.

PHATOGENESIS

STAGING KELLERGEN AND LAWRENCE

Stage 0 no abnormality Stage 1 incipient osteoarthritis, beginning of osteophyte formation on eminences Stage 2 moderate joint space narrowing, moderate subchondral sclerosis Stage 3 50% joint space narrowing, rounded femoral condyle,extensive subchondral sclerosis, extensive osteophyte formation Stage 4 joint destruction, obliterated joint space, subchondral cysts in the tibial head and femoral condyle, subluxed position

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
HISTORY
Patients suffering from osteoarthritis often complain of Pain on movement, typically occurring when movement is initiated or when the patient begins to walk.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Testing of the lateral ligaments with varus or valgus stress, and testing of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments with the drawer test.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
X-RAY

TREATMENT
The Goal of Treatment: stated in the guideline 1. Pain relief 2. Improved quality of life 3. Improved mobility 4. Improved walking 5. Delayed progression of osteoarthritis

TREATMENT
The best treatment for knee osteoarthritis is prevention Acetaminopen -Treatment effect was modest -In OA subject with moderate-to severe level of pain -1000mg tree to four times daily NSAID -Tend to avoid for lon-term use -low dose ibuprofen may have less serious GI toxic -Indometachin should be avoid for long-term use in patient with hip OA

TREATMENT
INJECTION -CORTICOSTEROID: Safety: High for short-term use. Efficacy: low to medium. Modest benefit. 16 point reduction in pain on 100-point scale for one month. -Hyaluronic Acid Safety : High Efficacy: low. Recet meta analyses and reviews small clinical efect. 75% were satisfied with treatment. Last 3-4 month.

SURGERY
-Arthroscopic The main advantages of arthroscopic procedures are minimal operative trauma and a very low infection rate. -Total Knee replacment Often greater improvement in pain rather than function. Recovery can be strenous and lengthly.

OVERVIEW

There are many treatments for knee osteoarthritis. Prevention is important: If the influences that can potentially damage the knee are eliminated early enough, then the development of osteoarthritis can be prevented, or at least the progression of any changes that are already present can be slowed. Patient education and counseling are the first step in any treatment plan and should include information about the course of the disease and the range of treatment options

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