Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives: Recognize the DSM-IV criteria Describe symptoms of bipolar Etiology theories Psychotherapeutic management Pschychopharmacology
DSM-IV-TR
Cyclothymic d/o Hypomanic episode Manic episodes Bipolar I, mixed Bipolar II (Keltner, pg 371)
Anxiety Impaired verbal communication Risk for injury Self-care deficit Disturbed sleep pattern Imbalanced nutrition Violence, risk for self-directed/other-directed
Manic Episode
Elevated mood for at least one week Mood disturbance causing social, work, or IP problems Three of the following:
Inflated self-esteem grandiosity Decreased need for sleep Very talkative Flight of ideas/racing thoughts Distractible Increased goal-directed activity/agitation Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities
Etiology
* Co-Morbidity issues
Psychotherapeutic Management
Matter-of-fact tone Clear, firm, concise directions Limit setting Reinforcement of reality Respond to legitimate complains Redirect energy into healthier activities Consistent approach and expectations Be neutral:
Milieu Management
Safety Staff consistency Reduced environmental stimuli Provide de-escalation measures Reinforce appropriate hygiene/dress Monitor nutrition (finger foods, high-protein, high calorie
snacks, weigh regularly)
Monitor sleep
(quiet environment, reduce caffeine intake, warm milk, quiet activities at HS, assess sleep/rest pattern)
Education
Antimanic Medications
Bipolar Disorder Dysfunction: Na, K ATPase pump Lithium substitutes for Na (blocks norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake)
Lithium Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: GI track Excretion: Kidneys Plasma half-life: 24 hrs Narrow therapeutic index:
0.6-1.2 mEq/l Li Side effects (nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, thirst, weight gain, mild hand tremor, bloating, insomnia) Toxicity(vomiting, severe tremor, sedation, muscle weakness, vertigo) Late signs (ataxia, tinnitus, blurred vision, increased output of diluted urine, coma)
Patient Teaching
Take Li with meals Drink 10-12 glasses H2O daily Elevate feet Maintain consistent salt intake Take more salt if diaphoretic Avoid conception Dont drive until stabilized Importance of blood work for Li levels
Valproates:Rapid action (Depakene, Depakote), blood levels Carbemazepine:Rapid action, inhibits kindling (Tegretol), blood levels Olanzapine: Mood stabilzer (Zyprexa) Other agents: topamax, clonopin, ativan, neurontin, clozaril
Relationships
Diuretics: increased Li retention NSAIDS: increased Li retention Renal disease: increased half-life (decrease dose) Increased dietary Na:decreases Li levels Decreased dietary Na: increases Li levels Decreased Na via sweating, diarrhea: increased Li levels