CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
3. PROPERTIES 4. ADVANTAGES 5. DISADVANTAGES 6. CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Fiber is the fundamental component required for making or to produce textile yarn and fabric. Fiber are classified into two types: Natural Fiber(cotton,wool,silk,hemp,jute.etc.) Artificial Fiber/Man Made Fiber(nylon,rayon) Man Made Fiber are classified into two types:

Synthetic Fiber(nylon,polyester)
Re-Generated Cellulosic fiber(viscose or rayon)

Polyester Fiber
Polyester is the most commonly used synthetic fiber. DuPont introduced its Dacron brand of polyester in 1951, but the material itself was patented earlier in 1941. Polyester is made by reacting dicarboxylic acid with dihydric alcohol (known as Glycol). This base material can be used to make many things therefore it is known as WORK HORSE.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Melt spinning is a manufacturing process used to produce polymeric or synthetic fibers. This method of fiber production can be used to create fibers for fabrics, or to spin glass into fine threads for fiberglass production. It utilizes a rapid cooling system to transform melted base materials into long strands, or filaments. Melt spinning is commonly used to produce fibers such as Nylon, polyester, and acrylic .

 In a melt spinning application, the manufacturing process is performed on a large spinning tower. A drum of melted polymers sits at the top of the tower, with a pump and filtering system situated below. The pump directs melted polymer down through a metal die, or spinneret. This die contains a large number of microscopic holes that help to form the molten polymer into thin strands.

As these filaments exit the spinneret, they immediately pass in front of a cold air blower, which rapidly cools and solidifies the strands. From here they travel down to a series of rollers, which winds or spins the strands into rolls of fiber. Depending on the application, some of these machines may twist multiple strands together to create a thicker fiber

Cross-section

Longitudinal view

PROPERTIES
Tenacity : 5-7 gm/denier(gram / 9000 meters). Elongation At Break : 15-30%. Elastic Modulus : 90. Moisture Regain (MR%) : 0.40%. Color : White. Luster : Bright. Glass transition temperature : 67-81 c. Melting Point : 250 c. Retains heat set pleats , Accumulates static electricity.

ADVANTAGES
Its readily available

Relatively inexpensive
Easy to process Extremely versatile More durable Easy wash & care

Retains its shape well/very resilient

Doesnt promote growth of any bacteria

 Recyclable

Heat resistant , with a melting point of 510 degree F

More resistant to UV exposure Attractive & bright Abrasion resistance is high Excellent wet strength

Resists wrinkling
Dries quickly Attracts static electricity Can be manufactured in different shapes & sizes Light-weight

DIS -ADVANTAGES
Pilling's can be found Less natural feel

Not environmentally friendly

Low thermal resistance Non-biodegradable material Hydrophobic property is also a disadvantages as it doesnt absorb sweat like natural fibers

 Prices of oil also affects the manufacturing cost of polyester , as it is oil-based product Uncomfortable. i.e., it makes the wearer to get overheated & sweaty

Uses
Used in outwear , because of its high tenacity & durability Used in pants , shirts , suits & bed sheets Used in every form of clothing

Used in home furnishings like carpets , curtains , sheets

Used in firehose , ropes ,nets , sewing thread , floppy disk liners etc.

 Its hydrophobic property is an advantage , as its ideal for garments that are to be used in wet environment.
Helps warm the body in cool weather.

CONCLUSION
Textile researchers at North California State University are developing a form of polyester that may be as strong as Kevlar , a super fiber material used to make bullet-proof vests .this

type of polyester may eventually be used as

composite materials for cars & airplanes .