CHAPTER 5

Bio-mass Energy

Yogesh, Hiren, Missam

Mechanical Dept.

LJ Polytechnic

Biomass
Terminology

Biomass Energy = energy recovered from biomass organic matter such as plant material and animal waste Biomass = recently living organisms

Fossil Fuel Formation

Fossil Fuels = partially decomposed ancient organisms

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Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Biomass
History

Wood was the major fuel source until the end of 19th century Today developing countries use wood for ~35% of total energy supply Early diesel engines were designed and tested to run on peanut oil

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic

Biomass
Bio Energy cycle

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic

Biomass
Bio Energy cycle on local scale

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic

Biomass
Biomass Resources

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

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Biomass resources
Corn

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Biomass Resources
Soyabean

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Biomass Resources
Sorghum

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Biomass Resources
Sugar cane

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Biomass Resources
Switchgrass

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

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Biomass Resources
Wood chips and sawdust

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

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Biomass Resources
Solid waste

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

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Creating Energy from Biomass

Bio Energy Conversion

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
What is Biogas?
Biogas is clean environment friendly fuel that can be obtained by anaerobic digestion of animal residues and domestic and farm wastes, abundantly available in the countryside. Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural areas in India Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 % carbon dioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces of water vapor. Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3 (4713 kcal/m3).
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
Biogas like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot be liquefied under normal temperature and pressure. Critical temperature required for liquefaction of methane is 82.1oC at 4.71MPa pressure, therefore use of biogas is limited nearby the biogas plant. An estimate indicates that India has a potential of generating 6.38 X 1010 m3 of biogas from 980 million tones of cattle dung produced annually. The heat value of this gas amounts to 1.3 X 1012 MJ. In addition, 350 million tones of manure would also produce along with biogas.
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
Biogas Production Process
Biogas production process (Anaerobic digestion) is a multiple-stage process in which some main stages are:

Chemical reactions involved in biogas production:

C6H12O6 3CO2 + 3CH4 CO2 + 4H2 > CH4 + 2H2O CH3COOH > CH4 + CO2
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic

Drum Inlet

Gas outlet
Outlet

In let Pipe

Out let Pipe

Digester

FLOATING DRUM TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
Bio gas Plant

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

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LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
Bio gas construction

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
Detailed Structure of biogas plant

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic

Biogas
Contribution of Biogas plant
Better and cheaper fuel for cooking, lighting and power generation. Produces good quality enriched manure to improve spoil fertility. Effective and convenient way for sanitary disposal of human excreata, improving the hygienic conditions. Generate social benefits - reducing burden on forest, reduction in drudgery of women and children. As a smokeless domestic fuel it reduces the incidence of eye and lung diseases.

Yogesh,Hiren,Missam

Mechanical.

LJ Polytechnic