Introduction

The main aim of this study is to find out what are the major causes of delay
And effects ? Delays are one of the biggest problems construction project

face. In construction, delay could be defined as the time overrun either

beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the date that the

parties agreed upon for delivery of a projects.

It is a project slipping over its planned schedule and is considered as

common problem in construction projects. To the owner, delay means loss of

revenue through lack of production facilities and rent-able space or a

dependence on present facilities. In some cases, to the contractor, delay

means higher overhead costs because of longer work period, higher material

costs through inflation, and due to labor cost increases.

Delay Causes
Labour Strikes Weather Third Party Plan Errors Change Orders Contractor Errors Suspension of Work Differing Site Conditions

Effects of Construction Delays

ACCELERATION SCHEDULE CHANGE - INEFFICIENCY DELAYED PROJECT COMPLETION COMPLETION DATES LIQUIDATED DAMAGES FRUSTRATION CLAIMS INCREASED COSTS

Aim, Objective & Scope

This research was aim at identifying the major causes of delay, effect of delay and

methods of minimizing and control delays in construction project in construction

project. To achieve the aims, objectives have been identifying as following:
To identify the causes and effect of delays in large construction projects To categorize types of delays on construction projects

Methodology
The objectives defined in the preceding section were achieve through the accomplishment of the following tasks:
A. The preliminary data for this research was collected through a literature review and the use of a questionnaire survey targeted at some contractors, clients and consultants in some projects in Sri Lanka.

B. The literature review was conduct through books, conference

proceedings, the Internet, and international project management journals. In this step, some of the causes for delays that may be encounter in a construction project were identify.

The causes of delays are then classified into eight major categories
1. Client related factors: finance and payments of completed work, owner interference, slow decision making and unrealistic contract duration imposed by owners. 2. Contractor related factors: delays caused by subcontractor, site management, improper construction methods, improper planning and errors during construction, and inadequate contractor experience.

3. Consultant related factors:

contract management, preparation and approval of drawings, quality assurance and waiting time for approval of test and inspection.

4. Material related factors: quality of material and shortage in material. 5. Labor and equipment related factors: labor supply, labor productivity and equipment availability and failure. 6. Contract related factors: change orders and mistakes or discrepancies in contract document. 7. Contract relationship related factors:

major disputes and negotiations, inappropriate overall organizational structure linking to the project and lack of communication between the parties.

8. External factors: Weather condition, regulatory changes, problem with neighbors and unforeseen site condition

ACCORDING TO ABOVE MENTION FACTORS DATA COLLECTED THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS ARE ANALYZED FOR REDUCE DELAYS.

Literature Review
In literature review find out what are the past researchers according to this project objectives and scope. Then Many articles and studies conducted on causes of delay in construction projects, both locally and internationally have been reviewed. First I have identified what are the cause of delays and effect in large construction projects according to the literatures. Manly ,there are Client ,Contractor and consultant related delays.

Secondly find out the literatures about what are the categorize in cause of delays.

Types of Excusable Delay

Unusually Severe Weather Changes and Extra Work Differing Site Conditions Delays from unforeseeable causes beyond control of the Contractor Labor Disputes

Types of Non-Excusable Delay

Non-Excusable (Within control of the Contractor) Under estimate of production rates Inadequate scheduling or management Construction mistakes Equipment problems Bad Luck Liquidated Damages or Termination of Contract.

 Non-Compensable Delay Unforeseeable and beyond the control and without fault or negligence by the Owner or Contractor (may be entitled to time) Compensable Delay The Contractor is entitled to an adjustment for increases in costs to the performance of the contract

Concurrent Delay
Both Owner and Contractor are contributing to the Delay time Neither Party can recover damages(non compensable) Contract time may be extended

References
1.0 Jayalath, Don Simon Kankanamge Upali. 2011. Causes of Delay, Construction, Sri Lanka. Gigital library University of Moratuwa, Sri Lank. 10 08, 2013.]http://dl.lib.mrt.ac.lk/theses/handle/123/1895

2.0 Murali Sambasivan *, Yau Wen Soon. 2007. International Journal of Project Management . Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction industry. www.sciencdirect.com.
3.0 Saleh Al Hadi Tumi,Abdelnaser Omran,Abdul Hamid Kadir Pakir. 2009. CAUSES OF DELAY IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN LIBYA. The International Conference on Administration and Business., 10 02, 2013. http://conference.faa.ro.