1

Group Members
Muzammil Afzal
Roll # 10030821-030 MSc. Economics 3rd semester

Mudassar Khan
Roll # 10030821-005 MSc. Economics 4th semester

Anam Zulafqar
Roll # 10030821-018

Mehwish Sana Butt

Roll # 10030821-027 MSc. Economics 4th semester

MSc. Economics 3rd semester

Khalid Waleed
Roll # 10030821-004 MSc. Economics 4th semester

Topic

Table of Contents
Introduction

History of Labor Unions

History of Labor unions in Pakistan Labor Acts in Pakistan Merits of Labor Unions Demerits of Labor Unions

Trade unions in Pakistan

Conclusion

Introduction
A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as higher pay, increasing the number employees an employer hires, and better working conditions.

Union

Higher Pay
Common Goals

Employees demand Better working condition

Employees demand

Definitions
It is an association of workers who bargain collectively with their employer regarding the terms and conditions of employment.
Farbar (2001)

Labor unions are voluntary associations of workers to promote and protect their interest by collective endeavor and constitute an integral part of the relationship between the employees and employers.
Akteruzzaman (2006)
Akteruzzaman, M. (2006), Globalization: issues and Challenges for Trader Union Movement The Social Sciences, 1(I), 29-34. Farbar, H.S. (2001), Notes on the Economics of Labor Unions, Princetion University Industrial Relations Section Working Paper # 452, 1-24.

History of Labor Unions

Massachusetts militiamen with fixed bayonets surround a parade of peaceful strikers. The Lawrence textile strike was a strike of immigrant workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1912 led by the Industrial Workers of the World.

History of Labor Unions

Concept of Labor Unions

18th Century

Britain

Workers gather in 1780s in Britain against these acts:

The Combination Act (1817) The Gagging Act The Six Act (1867) The conspiracy & Property Act The Employers Liability Act

Mohar, J. G. (2007), Trade unions and the law-history and a way forward?.

History of Labor Unions

The implementation of Trade Union Act

1913

Real Strength & Right

Political Fund Social Fund

The trend of unionism in Britain afterwards expanded to USA.

History of Labor Unions

In 1860s Political Philosophy Begin to shift towards Collectivism National Trade Unions gains real Foothold

In United State of America State unions exploded

In 19th century First national Union National Labor Union

Reynolds, M. (2009), A history of Labor Unions from Colonial Times Mises Daily. Perlman, S. (1922), A History of Trade Unions in the United States, Social Science Text Book.

History of Labor Unions in Indo-Pak

Concept of Collective labor Introduced by Malik Gokhale Which was given legal identity Introduction of Trade Union Act in 1926.

At that time, two most strong unions working under the influence of National Congress and Socialist Party.
Indian Trade Union Congress (INTUC) Hindustan Mazdur Sabha (HMS)

Bawa, and Hashmi, (2010), Labor Unionization in Pakistan History & Trends, Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 2(2), 78-82.

History of Labor Unions in Pakistan

Pakistan Trade Union Federation (PTUF)

After 1947

1st labor union in Pakistan was

Having ties with INTUC.

Mirza Ibrahim

First President

Bawa, and Hashmi, (2010), Labor Unionization in Pakistan History & Trends, Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 2(2), 78-82.

History of Labor unions in Pakistan

Up till 1952

No much developments

Labor Unions

After 1952
Restrict any Trade Union & Collective bargaining in any industry.

In 1952

Pakistan Essential Services Act

Gave the right to government to

First Labor Policy of Government

Announced on 15th August 1955

Workers to be the partners in industry, but no legislation was formulated in this regard.

Candland, (2007), Labor, Democratization and Development in India and Pakistan, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(1), 1-13.

History of Labor unions in Pakistan

In 1958
General Ayub Khan Abolished first labor Policy

4th Feb 1959 2nd Labor Policy Burki Labor Policy Discourage the labor unions

Candland, (2007), Labor, Democratization and Development in India and Pakistan, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(1), 1-13.

History of Labor unions in Pakistan

In 1969

Labor pressurize the military government

Trade Unions

Bhutto won the Elections

Bhutto formulated

People labor Federation

Organized labors

Gained power

Become the Prime Minister

Shah, S. K. (2010), Labor Policy 2010, Ministry of Labor and Manpower Pakistan

Bhutto addressing Labor

History of Labor unions in Pakistan

In 1977

Zia ul haq imposed

Martial Law
Strictly banned the UNIONS

History of Labor unions in Pakistan

Junego government lifted ban

Completely lifted by Benazir

Same policies by Nawaz Sharif

General Musharraf regime

strictly ban the UNIONS

Industrial Relations Ordinance 2002

Removal from Service (Special Powers) Ordinance other anti labor laws

History of Labor unions in Pakistan

At present

Gillanis Government Facilitating workers

Workers Welfare Fund Ordinance Industrial Relations Ordinance Employees Old-Age Benefit Act protection of worker

No ban for Labor Unions

Measures adopted by Unions to bargain

Collective Bargaining for benefits from employers Collective efforts for legislation

Types of Labor Unions

Public sector unions

Private sector unions

Donas, B. (2006). Why Professional Unions Make Good Conflict Management Partners. Workplace Fairness Journal.

Merits of labor Unions

Increment in Wages

Reduction in Income inequality

Living Conditions

Job Security

Better working environment

Protection from Globalization

Belman, D.L. and Voos P. B. (1993), Wage effects of increased union coverage: Methodological Considerations and new evidence, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46(2), 368-380. Ghosh, P., Nandan, S. and Gupta, A. (2009), The Changing Role of Trade Union in India, A Case Study of National Thermal Power Corporation (NTCP), Unchahar. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 14(1), 37- 57. Morris, R. L. (2002). Trade Unions and Globalization. International Labor Organization, 1-29.

Demerits of labor Unions

Wages can overshoot Equilibrium level Strikes results unproductively

Union dues

Interference with efficiency

Living Conditions

Protection from Globalization

Trade Unions in Pakistan

In Pakistan Trade Unions Never been able to act as
Unions revolving around personalities Linkages with Political Parties

front for working class

Bureaucratic surveillance

Irfan, M. (2008), Pakistans Wage Structure. Pakistan Developmental Review, 1-47.

Labor Day Rally by National Trade Union in Pakistan

Trade Unions in Pakistan

All Pakistan Trade Union Federation Pakistan Workers' Federation All Pakistan Federation of Labor

All Pakistan Federation of Trade Unions

All Pakistan Federation of United Trade Unions All Pakistan Trade Union Congress

Pakistan National Federation of Trade Unions

Muttahida Labour Federation Pakistan Pakistan Mazdoor Mahaaz Pakistan Labour Federation (PLF) Pakistan Trade Union Defense Campaign
Pakistan Railway worker Union Workshops Division Mughalpura

Conclusion
Unions in any organization work for the benefits of the employees. The most important roles which unions are meant to play are
Reduce income inequality Improve Working Conditions Protection of Rights

Homogeneous income

Employment opportunities

But over the period of time, unions failed to perform their roles effectively, therefore, they are facing decline in their popularity and membership.

Conclusion

Internationally, the trend of unions in organization is diminishing.

Conclusion
Internationally and in Pakistan too, unions are very strong in public sector organizations as compared to private sector companies. In Pakistan Telecom Sector, unions exist only in PTCL. In PTCL, union remained very powerful before privatization. But after privatization since 2006, the new management has cut down union power by implementing different polices.
Conclusively saying

Conclusively saying, union image as the protector of working class has been affected when union leaders use the plate form of union to get the advantage for themselves.

References
Akteruzzaman, M. (2006), Globalization: issues and Challenges for Trader Union Movement The Social Sciences, 1(I), 29-34. Bawa, and Hashmi, (2010), Labor Unionization in Pakistan History & Trends, Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 2(2), 78-82. Belman, D.L. and Voos P. B. (1993), Wage effects of increased union coverage: Methodological Considerations and new evidence, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46(2), 368-380. Candland, (2007), Labor, Democratization and Development in India and Pakistan, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(1), 1-13. Farbar, H.S. (2001), Notes on the Economics of Labor Unions, Princetion University Industrial Relations Section Working Paper # 452, 1-24. Ghosh, P., Nandan, S. and Gupta, A. (2009), The Changing Role of Trade Union in India, A Case Study of National Thermal Power Corporation (NTCP), Unchahar. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 14(1), 37- 57. Irfan, M. (2008), Pakistans Wage Structure. Pakistan Developmental Review, 1-47. Morris, R. L. (2002). Trade Unions and Globalization. International Labor Organization, 1-29. Mohar, J. G. (2007), Trade unions and the law-history and a way forward?. Perlman, S. (1922), A History of Trade Unions in the United States, Social Science Text Book.

Reynolds, M. (2009), A history of Labor Unions from Colonial Times Mises Daily. Shah, S. K. (2010), Labor Policy 2010, Ministry of Labor and Manpower Pakistan

Any Question?