Safety Products

Commercial Suppression Group

Total Flooding Extinguishing System

The Agent

This Training
Burkhard Krafft
Technical Services Manager EMEA

Introduction
FM-200 Design Exam
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Components

Install./Maint.

January 7, 2014

Safety Products

This Training
Burkhard Krafft
Technical Services Manager EMEA

Introduction
FM-200 Design Exam
bk

Components

Install./Maint.

January 7, 2014

Safety Products

Basics

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January 7, 2014

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Fire Classification
American European/Australiasian Class A Class A Class B Class B Class C Class C Class E * Class D Class D Class K Class F Fuel/Heat source Ordinary combustibles Flammable liquids Flammable gases Electrical equipment Combustible metals Cooking oil or fat

* Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with the introduction of an electrical appliance, wiring, or other electrically energized objects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock risk if a conductive agent is used to control the fire All agents we will discuss later in detail are effective on class A (E), B and C fires.
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How To Extinguishing A Fire?

The Fire Triangle
The triangle illustrates the basic rule that in order to ignite and burn, a fire requires three elements: 1. heat 2. fuel 3. oxidizing agent, usually oxygen.

The fire is prevented or extinguished by removing any one of them or a combination of them (i.e. heat and oxygen).

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How To Extinguishing A Fire?

The Fire Tetrahedron
The Fire Triangle fails to identify the fourth essential element of fire: the sustaining chemical reaction. That is why the Fire Triangle has largely been replaced in the industry by the fire tetrahedron, which provides a more complete model. Some fire suppression agents do not remove or reduce any of the three necessary components, but rather interfere with their chemical combination, such as Halon, FM-200.

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How To Extinguishing A Fire?

A. Removing the fuel (very unlikely), but if the fire runs out of fuel, it will stop B. Removing the heat Water (fire brigade, sprinkler systems, water mist systems*) Chemical agents** (FM-200, Novec 1230) C. Reducing the oxygen level CO2 systems Inert gas systems (Inergen, IG-55, Argon etc.) D. A combination of B. and C.
* Water mist additionally reduces the oxygen level near the flames ** Chemical agents also have chemical means
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System Comparison
Inert gas systems
Reducing the oxygen level in the hazard to < 15%
Inergen (52% N2 + 40% Argon + 8% CO2) IG-55 (50% N2 + 50% Argon) Argon (100% Argon) Nitrogen (100% N2)

"Chemical" systems
Heat removal + chemical means
FM-200 Novec 1230 Halon 1301
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Important Agent Features

The agent ...
shall shall

extinguish fires (without damage) be acceptable for the environment

shall

be safe for human beings

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The Answer
A system with the Clean Agent FM-200
First generation Halon 1301 replacement very good extinguishing capability environmentally acceptable safe for people safe for equipment

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The Answer
FM-200 is also known as ...
HFC 227 ea CF3-CHF-CF3

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The Answer
FM-200 was the first Halon 1301 replacement to be awarded U.L. listing & F.M. approval Is globally accepted
Tens of thousands of FM-200 fire suppression systems are protecting critical facilities and high-value assets around the world

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What is FM-200 ?

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What is FM-200 ?
... a Clean Agent a replacement for Halon 1301 contains no Bromine or Chlorine (ODP=0) colorless and odourless safe for people no electric conductivity no residues causes no damage to electronic equipment books / papers paintings / objects of art
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Physical Properties
Chemical Formula: Boiling Point @ 1 atm: Vapour Pressure @ 20C: Gas Density @ 1 atm, 20C: Liquid Density @ 20C: CF3CHFCF3 -16.4 C 3.91 bar (56.7 psi) 7,3 kg/m (1.95 lb/ft) 1.407 kg/l

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How does FM-200 work ?

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Mode of Operation
How

does FM-200 extinguish a fire ?

The present understanding of the functioning of FM-200 is that 80% of its fire fighting effectiveness is achieved through heat absorption and 20% through direct chemical means (action of the fluorine radical on the chain reaction of a flame). Great Lakes: "FM-200 absorbs heat from the flame zone and interrupts the chemical chain reaction of the combustion process."

No oxygen reduction!
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FM200 GLCC
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Mode of Operation
FM-200 is

suitable for

EU: solid+electrical USA: solid

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flam. liquid flam. liquid+gas

gases electrical
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Mode of Operation
Thermal

decomposition

A constraint? Dangerous? The facts

1. 2. 3. 4. All chemical agents decompose at higher temperatures. FM-200 decomposes in excess of 500C. It forms halogen acids (HF) HF will be readily detected by a sharp, pungent odour before maximum hazardous exposure levels are reached.

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Mode of Operation
Thermal

decomposition

A constraint? Dangerous? What to do?

1. Avoiding high temperature levels by using early detection systems for rapid system discharge. 2. Avoid applications where permanently hot surfaces >500C are expected.

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Mode of Operation
Thermal

decomposition

A constraint? Dangerous? A problem for standard applications (EDP etc.)? No!

1. Rapid fire suppression with a properly designed detection and extinguishing system. 2. 6-10 seconds flooding time avoid big heat volumes. 3. Decomposition products from the fire itself (i.e. carbon monoxide, smoke), create a greater hazard.

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Environmental Compatibility

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Environment

What is important ?

Cl or Br + O3 Ozone Depletion

Atm. Lifetime + IR Absorbance

Global Warming "Greenhouse Effect"

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Environment

Ozone Depletion

Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) destroy ozone when they reach the stratosphere Result: increase of UV-B radiation Fluorine (F) has been shown to be benign to O3 (stratosphere) Compounds containing F as the only halogen are considered non-ozone depleting (Ozone Depletion Potential = 0)

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FM-200: ODP = 0
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Environment

Greenhouse Effect
Sun
Some solar radiation is reflected by the Earth and the atmosphere

Solar radiation passes through the clear atmosphere

Atmosphere

Some of the IR-radiation is absorbed and re-emitted by the greenhouse gases. The effect is to warm the lower atmosphere and the Earth's surface.

Most radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface and warms it

Earth

Infrared radiation is emitted from the Earth's surface

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Environment

Greenhouse Effect

the potential of the greenhouse gases (CO2 and others) is a function of IR absorption (Global Warming Potential) Atmospheric Life Time GWP is a reference value; GWP of CO2 = 1

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FM-200: GWP = 3500, ALT = 33 years

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Environment

Reduction of GWP

Halon 1301 (GWP=6900) PFC-3-1-10 (GWP=9000)

Perfluorobutane

49% Reduction

61% Reduction

FM-200 (GWP=3500)

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Environment

Agent Comparison

ODP GWP* ALT (years)

* IPCC 2001

Halon 1301 12
6900 65

FM200 0
3500 33

HFC- Inert 125 Gases 0 0

3400 29.0 n.a. n.a.

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Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
European-wide approach to containing and reducing fluorinated gas emissions (published Aug. 2006)
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) means an 0rganic compound comprising carbon, hydrogen and fluorine only and with no more than six carbon atoms in the molecule (e.g. FM-200)

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Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
There is no restriction on use or placing on the market of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Note: Fluorinated greenhouse gases will not be permitted to be deployed in non-refillable containers. This precludes their use as fire extinguishants in any disposable extinguisher.

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Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
Operators of fire protection systems must use all measures which are technically feasible and not disproportionately costly to prevent leakage of the gases, and must expeditiously take action to repair any detected leakage.
As of 4 July 2007, newly installed HFC fire fighting systems containing over 300kg of HFCs must be fitted with a leakage detection device which alerts the operator. Existing systems containing over 300kg must be fitted with such a device by 4 July 2010.

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Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
Fluorinated Operators must ensure that systems are inspected for leakage by certificated personnel according to the following schedules:
At least every 12 months for systems having more than 3 kg gas At least every 6 months for systems having more than 30 kg gas At least every 3 months for systems having more than 300 kg gas Leakage inspection within 1 month after a leak has been repaired.
Where leakage detection systems are installed, the fire protection system inspection frequency noted above for 30+ kg and 300+ kg systems are halved.
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Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
Operators must maintain records on quantity and types of gases in installed systems; the quantities added and recovered during maintenance, servicing and disposal; the dates and results of inspections and the Company and technicians involved.
These records must be made available on request to the competent authority and the Commission.

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Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
For all HFCs that are deployed super-pressurised with nitrogen as a propelling agent, an installed leakage detection system can be a pressure measuring device (pressure gauge or pressure switch) fitted to each container:
In the case of a pressure gauge regular (weekly in accordance with BS ISO 14520) recorded inspections will be required to confirm status In the case of a pressure switch, a connected alarm will enunciate this fault condition.

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Human Safety

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Human Safety
Definitions:
NOAEL = No Observed Adverse Effect Level
The highest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to have no harmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.

LOAEL = Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

The lowest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to cause harmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.

Adverse Health Effect

A change in body function or cell structure that might lead to disease or health problems.

LC50
LC stands for "Lethal Concentration". Used if the lethal effects from breathing a compound are to be tested. LC50 is the concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the test animals in a given time (usually four hours).

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Human Safety

an issue ?

Oxygen reduction? No

Safety levels?

NOAEL = 9.0% * LOAEL > 10.5% **

LC50 (4 hour rat test) >80%

* No Observed Adverse Effect Level ** Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level

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Human Safety

an issue ?
Design Concentration Halon 1301 FM-200 HFC-125 Inertgases CO2 5% 7.2%-8.7% 8% - 11.5% 38% - 40% 35% - 50% NOAEL 5% 9% 7.5% 43% <5% Safety Margin 0% 3% - 25% 0% 7% - 13% lethal

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Human Safety
Health Approvals
GERMANY: Hygiene Institute UNITED STATES: EPA AUSTRALIA: National Industrial Chemical Notification & Assessment Scheme FRANCE: Ministry of Health UNITED KINGDOM: HAG Report

FM-200 extinguishes is so safe, it has been designated as a replacement for CFCs as propellant in pharmaceutical inhalers
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Typical Applications

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Applications
EDP Facilities

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Applications
Data Vaults

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Applications
Cell Sites

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Applications
Control Rooms

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Applications
Air Traffic Control Center

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Applications
Hospitals

CT Scan Rooms

MRI Rooms
Mobile MRI and CT Scan Trailers Data Center File Storage

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Applications
Satellite Stations

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Applications
Archives

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Summary

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Why ? Why does your customer need a fire suppression system ?

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Why ?
To protect his computers / hardware ?

Not really
Replacing hardware is not so expensive anymore In most cases the insurence will pay

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Why ?
TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !
The result of a fire may be ... no telecommunication no manufacturing no quotations no shipment no invoices and ... and ... and

Finally, your customer looses money by not doing business, he may even loose his customers !
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Why ?
TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !
Costs of NOT doing business
$17,000/sec

40% of businesses that experience fire stay out of business for good
$1,000,000/hr $40,000/hr

Clean Room
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Large EDP Facility

Oil Production
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Why a FM-200 System?

FM-200
has a very good extinguishing capability heat absorption is environmentally acceptable ODP = 0 GWP = 3500 / ALT = 33 years is safe for people design concentr. = 7.2%-8.7%, NOAEL=9
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Why a FM-200 System?

reliable technology
wide range of applications no damage to sensitive equipment

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Why a FM-200 System?

Footprint: comparison for 200 m class A hazard
FM-200: Novec1230: 7,9% = 0,63 kg/m 126 kg - 1 x 147 ltr.

5,3% = 0,78 kg/m

156 kg - 1 x 180 ltr.

Inergen:

39,9% = 0,51 m/m

102 m - 5 x 80 ltr. (300 bar)

CO2:

50% = 1,30 kg/m

260 kg - 6 x 50 kg

Inergen:
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39,9% = 0,51 m/m

102 m - 7 x 80 ltr. (200 bar)

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Thank you for your attention

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