Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT

Remember
Boyles Law Charles Law:

P 1V1 P 2V2

V1 V2 T1 T2
Combined Gas Law: (Units MUST Match Temp in Kelvin!!!)

P1V1 P2V2 T1 T2

A gas with a volume of 350 ml is collected at 15o C and 120 kPa. If the temperature changes to 30o C, what pressure would be required to put this gas in a 300 ml container?

120 kPa 350 ml P2 300 ml 288 K 303 K

P2 147 .3kPa

A balloon has a volume of 500 ml at a temperature of 22oC and a pressure of 755 mmHg. If the balloon is cooled to 0o C and a pressure of 145 mmHg, what is its new volume?

755mmHg 500ml 145mmHg V2 295K 273K

2409 . 3 ml 2

Avogadros Principle
Under similar conditions (same Temp and Pressure) equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of particles. 10 L of H2 (g) and 10 L of O2 (g) Both at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) contain The same number of particles!

Molar Volume

The volume of 1 mole of gas particles at STP is 22.4 L

Ideal Gas Law Animation:

Try this:
1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L at STP = __________ ml (22400) = ___________ moles of gas (1 mole) = ___________ particles (6.02 x 1023)

44 .8 L L 22 .4 mole

How many particles in 11.2 dm3 of gas at STP?

0.5 moles = 3.01 x 1023 particles

22,400 cm3 of NH3 gas at STP weighs? 44.8 L of NH3 at STP weighs?

= 22.4 L = 1 mole = 17 grams (add up MW) = 2 moles = 34 grams

28.00 grams = 1 mole of nitrogen gas _____ 22.4 L at STP? = _____

How many N2 molecules are in 22.4 dm3 at STP?

= 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

What volume will 1.2 x 1024 H2 molecules occupy at STP?

= 2 moles = 44.8 L at STP

Ideal Gas Equation Use when NOT at STP!!!

PV= nRT
P = Pressure (in kPa) V = Volume (in Liters or dm3) n = number of moles T = Temperature (in Kelvin) R = 8.31 L kPa mole K

Development of R in

kPa L mole K

PV 101.3kPa 22.4 L kPa L R 8.31 nT 1mole 273K mole K

1. What volume will 2 moles of NO2 occupy at 300 Kelvin and 90 kPa?

PV nRT 90kPa V 2moles 8.31 300K 2 8.31 300 V 55.4 L 90

What will be the temp of 2 grams of H2 if 5000 cm3 is at 5 atm?

PV nRT 506.5kPa 5L 1mole 8.31 T 506.5 5 T 304.8K 1 8.31

Finding Molecular Weight of a Gas

Remember: MW = grams / moles Converting grams to moles

Divide grams by the molecular weight

1) 5.0 L of a gas weighs 30.00 g at 20o C & 92 kPa. What is the mole weight of the gas?

grams 30.00 g MW moles ? mol

PV=nRT 92kPa 5.0 L= n 8.31 293 K n = 0.19 mol

30.00 g MW 158 g/mol 0.19 mol

2)If the mole weight of a gas is 26 g/mol and 18.00 g of the gas is 30 L at 21o C, what is the pressure of the gas?

PV= nRT

g 18.00 g n 0.69 mol MW 26 g/mol

P x 30 L=0.69 mol x 8.31 x 294 K
P = 56.2kPa

Stoichiometry
Solving Steps.
Balance the Equation Change grams to moles Use mole ratio to solve Change moles to volumes

Use 22.4 L/mol @ STP Or PV = nRT

Use mole ratio (coefficients)

Use 22.4 L/mol @ STP Or PV = nRT

Use MW on P.T.

Use MW on P.T.

Mg (c) +

HCl (ag) MgCl2 + H2 (g)

If 2.43 g Mg react what volume of H2 is produced? (at STP) 0.1 mole

1:1

0.1 moles

Mg (c) + 2 HCl (ag) MgCl2 + H2 (g)

2.43g g 24.3 mol
22.4 L 0.1moles mol

2.43 g Mg

2.24 ? LL H2

Mg (c) +2 HCl (ag) MgCl2 + H2 (g)

If 2.43 g Mg react what volume of H2 is produced at 40oC and 85 kPa?
1:1

0.1 mole

0.1 moles

Mg (c) + 2 HCl (ag) MgCl2 + H2 (g)

2.43g g 24.3 mol

PV nRT (85 kPa)(V ) (0.1mol )(8.31)( 313 K )

2.43 g Mg

?L 3.06 L H2

If 250 ml of H2 is produced at 20o C & 100 kPa, what mass of Mg reacted?

0.01 mole
1:1

0.01 moles

Mg (c) + 2 HCl (ag) MgCl2 + H2 (g)

24.3 g 0.01moles mol

0.243 g Mg ?g

PV nRT

250 ml

100kPa 0.25L n 8.31 293K n 0.01moles H 2

Volume to Volume
THE MOLE RATIO IS THE SAME AS THE VOLUME RATIO. Liters B Liters A
Use mole ratio (coefficients)

Burning of methane: What vol. of oxygen is needed to completely burn 1 L of methane? 1.0 L
1:2

2.0 L
CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)

CH4 + 2 O2

Burning of methane: To produce 11.2 L of CO2 requires how many moles of O2 at STP? 1 mole = 22.4 L
CH4 + 2 O2
2:1

11.2 L
CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)