Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REFERENCES:
Circulation 2002;105:1257-68 OR
J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:542-53.
http://www.acc.org/clinical/topic/topic.htm#guidelines
Purpose of Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation
Define patient’s current cardiac status.
Assess and project perioperative CV risk.
Determine if preoperative testing is needed to
define cardiovascular status - recommended only
if it will change surgical care or perioperative
medical therapy.
Initiate management to minimize cardiac risk
over the entire perioperative period, and
subsequently.
General Approach to the Patient - History
“Have you ever had any problem with your heart or arteries?”
“Do you exercise?” Typical responses …
“I try to.” Translation: “No.”
“Not as much as I should.” Translation: “No.”
“I’m active.” Translation: “No.”
“What exercise do you do? Tell me the most physically strenuous thing
you did in the last 2 weeks.”
Is there real (exertional) angina, recent or past MI, HF, documented
arrhythmia, pacemaker or ICD?
Any history or other indicators of atherosclerotic vascular disease?
CAD risk factors and “doses of risk factors”
unexplained, inordinate dyspnea
Exercise capacity integrates the
physiologic effects of all the patient’s
combined cardiac abnormalities.
If history reveals
GOOD EXERCISE CAPACITY,
then the patient’s operative risk is low.
General Approach to the Patient
Class I indications
When B-blockers have been required in recent past for
angina, symptomatic arrhythmia or hypertension.
Do not withdraw beta-blockade preoperatively.
Patients undergoing vascular surgery with ischemia on
preoperative testing
Class IIa
When preoperative assessment identifies untreated
hypertension, known CAD, or major CAD risk factors.
Class III: contraindication to B-blockade
Preoperative Therapy with B-Blockers
(ACC/AHA Guidelines)
Preoperative testing:
when surgical risk is high.
when patient-specific and surgery-specific risks are intermediate.
when results will affect patient management.
Questions you should always ask yourself