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BY : VISHAKH V
BRAKING SYSTEM
A BRAKE is a device which inhibits motion. BRAKING is the mechanism in the motor vehicle which is used to slowing down and stopping the vehicle to rest in the shortest possible distance.
STOPPING DISTANCE
STOPPING DISTANCE depends upon
Grip between the tyre and road surface. Tyre tread condition. Tyre inflation. Nature of road surface.
BRAKING EFFICIENCY
Braking efficiency [] =V2/3D where; V - velocity of the vehicle. D stopping distance.
HISTORY OF BRAKES
1902 - Disc brakes were first used. 1918 - MALCOLM LOUGHEAD invented 4- wheel hydraulic brake systems. 1929 - 4-wheel hydraulic braking system were standard equipment on most high priced cars. Early 1950s - CHRYSLER widely introduced the disc brake. 1964 - Disc brake was reintroduced by automaker Studebaker. 1969 Ford uses ABS technology in cars. They were placed in THUNDERBIRD & CONTINENTAL MARK III.
PRINCIPLE
o Most commonly brakes use friction to convert kinetic energy into heat energy, though other methods of energy conversion may be employed. o Since kinetic energy increases quadratically with velocity (K = mv2 / 2), an object traveling at 10 kilometers per second has 100 times more energy than one traveling at 1 kilometer per second, and consequently the theoretical braking distance, when braking at the traction limit, is 100 times as long. o In practice, fast vehicles usually have significant air drag, and energy lost to air drag rises quickly with speed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAKES
Peak Force - The peak force is the maximum decelerating effect
that can be obtained.
REQUIREMENTS
It should work efficiently irrespective of road condition and quality. Retardation must be uniform throughout its application. Pedal effort must be within the convenient capacity of the driver. Must be reliable and should not be affected by heat, water & dust. Have minimum weight & long life. Should be easy to maintain and adjust. Noise & vibrations are to be minimum.
CLASSIFICATION OF BRAKES
METHOD OF POWER Mechanical Brakes Vaccum Brakes Electrical Brakes Hydraulic Brakes Air Brakes Magnetic Brakes Air assisted hydraulic Brakes. METHOD OF APPLICATION Foot Brakes Hand Brakes
METHOD OF OPERATION Manual Servo Power METHOD OF BRAKING CONTACT Internal Expanding External Contracting METHOD OF APPLYING BRAKE FORCE Single acting brakes Double acting brakes
DRUM BRAKES
This type of brake works by using oil pressure. The pressure causes the rod to move, which then leads to the brake shoes squeezing. Friction on a rotating drum, which is attached to the wheel, will stop the car.
dr um brak e. f lv
DISC BRAKES
Disc brakes are designed using flat pieces of metal or other strong materials. The brake rotor applies spins with the wheel or axle. When you put your foot on the brake, brake pads on both sides will squeeze the brake disc, causing friction to stop or slow the wheels movement. Cars, motorcycles, and bikes are all commonly designed with this type of brake. The advantages that disc brakes have over drum brakes is that they dissipate heat better, provide more friction, are self cleaning, and are also known to tolerate water better.