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This lesson came from Virginia Tech and has not been edited by the Georgia Curriculum Office.
Interest Approach
Bring in a bag of popcorn Have students visualize a romantic evening with their significant other watching a movie When they try to pop the popcorn, sparks fly out of the outlet and the appliance wont turn back on
What Happened?
Objective #1
Given in-class instruction and laboratory application, explain electrical flow through common household/farmstead circuits with at least 70% accuracy.
State the basic components of an electrical circuit Trace and diagram electrical flow through an unswitched circuit (duplex receptacle). Trace and diagram electrical flow through a circuit switched by a single pole switch, by three-way switches, and by four-way switches State whether the circuit is open or closed
Single-Pole Switch
Light
Example #2
Diagram a circuit that has a duplex receptacle then 2 lights controlled by single-pole switches
Hot Wire
Neutral wire
3-way switch
Hot Wire
Switch 1 Switch 2
Neutral wire
Common
Travelers
4-way
Practice
Diagram electrical path through the following circuits
1. An open circuit consisting of a duplex receptacle and single pole switch controlling a light.
2. A closed circuit containing a light controlled by two three-way switches 3. The same circuit as Number 2 but with the electricity flowing through a different terminal 4. A closed circuit consisting of a light controlled by two three-way switches and a four-way switch.
Review
1. What are the basic components of an electrical circuit?
Source, switch, load, return to source
2.
Given the logic diagram on the board, identify the components represented and state whether the circuit is open or closed.
Tomorrow
Now that you can visualize electrical flow through switches, you can identify and fix common problems that causes circuits to malfunction.
Objective #2
Given laboratory demonstrations, instruction, and application identify and safely fix circuit problems with at least 70% accuracy.
Follow safety procedures Identify and properly use receptacle testers, continuity testers, and multimeters Use start-to-finish elimination to locate problem Safely fix the problem
Process of Elimination -- Follow electricity from the source through the circuit until you find the problem. Retest circuit after making any changes
SAFETY FIRST
Turn off circuit breaker before making any repairs Read instructions that come with circuit testing equipment.
Power be turned off when using ohmmeters and continuity testers Have electricity on when using voltmeters
Process of Elimination
Remember that electricity has to flow from the hot wire through the load and then back to source on the neutral wire.
To find the break. Take a ride with the electricity and write down what you see.
3.
4.
B. Caused by
1.Wires touching each other 2.Incorrect wiring configuration
Switches
Use a multimeter or continuity tester to make sure the switch works
Multimeter
Continuity Tester
Testing Switches
1. Make sure the breaker is off. 2. Turn multimeter dial to test for ohms or use a continuity tester 3. Attach wires to terminals and flip the switch The meter should read zero at one position and 1 at the other. The continuity testers light should come on at only one position A Zero or a light indicates continuous flow A One or no light indicates no connection
Switches cont.
Testing 3-way switches
Hook on lead to common terminal and use the other lead to check travelers
The flow should be continuous between the traveler and the common terminal depending on the position of the switch
Loads
Use continuity tester to make sure the current can pass through the load Attach one lead to the hot wire and the other to the neutral If no connection exists, the appliance is broken.
Testing Receptacles
Use receptacle tester to make sure receptacle is wired correctly
Testing Neutral
Use continuity tester to test across any connection between the load and circuit breaker
Repairing circuit
Repairs generally consist of:
1. 2. 3. Taping breaks in insulation with electrical tape Installing new switches Changing wiring configurations
4.
5.
Tightening connections
Reconnecting plug wires
Application
Lets go to the shop, look at some broken circuits, and fix them. Possible problems include:
short circuit disconnected wires flipped breaker wrong wiring configuration etc.
SAFETY FIRST AND FOLLOW TESTING EQUIPMENT INSTRUCTIONS SEE ME BEFORE TURNING ON THE POWER
REVIEW
1. When a circuit doesnt operate, where is the first place you should look?
Circuit breaker
2.
3.
Review cont.
4. What two tools are commonly used to test continuity of electrical circuits?
mulitmeter(sets on ohms) and continuity tester
5.
6.