Overview of the DHCP Server Role

Benefits of Using DHCP New DHCP Features in Windows Server 2008/R2 How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses How DHCP Lease Generation Works How DHCP Lease Renewal Works DHCP Server Authorization Demonstration: How to add the DHCP Server Role
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Benefits of Using DHCP

DHCP reduces the complexity and amount of administrative work by using automatic TCP/IP configuration

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Manual TCP/IP Configuration IP addresses are entered manually IP address could be entered incorrectly Communication and network issues can result Frequent computer moves increase administrative effort

Automatic TCP/IP Configuration

IP addresses are supplied automatically Correct configuration information is ensured Client configuration is updated automatically A common source of network problems is eliminated

New DHCP Features in Windows Server 2008

New DHCP features include:

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Windows Server 2008 Support for DHCPv6 Support for advanced network security configuration using NAP DHCP on Server Core

These new features were added with Windows Server 2008

How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

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Non-DHCP Client: Static IP configuration DHCP Client2: IP configuration from DHCP server

Lease Renewal Lease Generation DHCP Server

DHCP Client1: IP configuration from DHCP server

DHCP Database IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1 IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2 IP Address3: Available to be leased

How DHCP Lease Generation Works

DHCP Server2

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DHCP Server1

DHCP Client

1 2 3 4

DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet DHCP servers broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet

DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK packet

How DHCP Lease Renewal Works

DHCP DHCP Server2 Server2

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DHCP DHCP Server1 Server1

DHCPClient Client DHCP

50% of of lease 100% of lease 87.5% 50% oflease lease duration has duration has duration durationhas has expired expired expired expired DHCPClient client sends sends a a DHCPREQUEST DHCPREQUEST packet packet 1 DHCP 1 If the client fails to renew its its lease, lease,after after50% 87.5% of of the the lease lease duration has expired, has then expired, the DHCP then lease the generation DHCP lease process renewal starts process over will again begin withagain a DHCP after client 87.5% of DHCP Server1 sends aDHCPACK DHCPACKpacket packet the broadcasting duration a DHCPDISCOVER hassends expired 2lease DHCP Server1 a 2

Configuring DHCP Scopes

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What Are DHCP Scopes? What Is a DHCP Reservation?

What Are DHCP Scopes?

A scope is a range of IP addresses that are available to be leased

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DHCP Server

LAN A

LAN B

Scope A

Scope B

Scope Properties
Network ID Subnet mask Lease duration Network IP

Scope name
Exclusion range

address range

What Is a DHCP Reservation?

A reservation is a specific IP address, within a scope, that is reserved permanently for lease to a specific DHCP client

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Workstation 1

File and Print Server

Subnet A

Subnet B

DHCP Server

Workstation 2 IP Address1: Leased to Workstation 1 IP Address2: Leased to Workstation 2 IP Address3: Reserved for File and Print Server

What Are DHCP Options?

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DHCP options are values for common configuration data that applies to the server, scopes, reservations, and class options

Common scope options are:

DNS Servers DNS Name Default Gateway WINS Servers WINS Servers

How DHCP Options Are Applied

DHCP options can be applied at various levels:

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Server
Scope Class Reserved client

Overview of DHCP Management The DHCP service needs to be managed to respond to network changes Scenarios
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Scenarios for managing DHCP: Managing DHCP database growth Protecting the DHCP database Ensuring DHCP database consistency Adding clients

Adding new network service servers Adding new subnets

DHCP Server Configuration Options

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What Is a DHCP Database?

The DHCP database is a dynamic database that contains configuration information

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The DHCP database contains DHCP configuration data such as: Scopes Address leases Reservations Windows Server 2003 stores the DHCP database in the %Systemroot%\System32\Dhcp folder The DHCP database files include: Dhcp.mdb

Dhcp.tmp
J50.log and J50*.log Res*.log J50.chk

Monitoring and Troubleshooting DHCP

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Common DHCP Issues What Are DHCP Statistics? What Is a DHCP Audit Log File? Monitoring DHCP Server Performance Demonstration: How to Monitor DHCP

Common DHCP Issues

Address conflicts

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Failure to obtain a DHCP address Address obtained from incorrect scope DHCP database suffered data corruption or loss DHCP server has exhausted its IP address pool

What Are DHCP Statistics?

DHCP statistics are collected at either the server level or scope level

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DHCP Server

What Is a DHCP Audit Log File?

A DHCP audit log is a log of service-related events

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Monitoring DHCP Server Performance

Performance counters What to look for after a baseline is established

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Create a DHCP performance baseline Packets Monitor for sudden increases or decreases, which Check the standard countersnetwork for received/second could reflect problems server performance Monitor for sudden increases or decreases, which Requests/second Review DHCP server counters for significant could reflect network problems changes in DHCP traffic Monitor for sudden and gradual increases, which Active queue could reflect increased load or decreased server length capacity Duplicates dropped/second

Monitor for any activity that could indicate that more than one request is being transmitted on behalf of clients