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1. OBJECTIVES:
1) To be able to determine the carbon residue of a liquid fuel. 2) To be able to know the definition of a carbon residue test. 3) To be able to have knowledge about carbon residue of a liquid fuel.
While no maximum residue specifications for lubricating oils are commonly given, a relatively smaller amount in one oil compared with another should be favorable.
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The porcelain crucible and contents are reweighed, and the percentage of carbon residue is calculated on the basis of the original sample weight.
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3. LIST OF APPARATUS:
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3) Tripod
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4) Wire Mesh
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5) Chimney
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4. SET UP OF APPARATUS:
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5. PROCEDURES:
1) Place the two glass bends provided which are about 1 in diameter in the porcelain crucible and include their weight in the net weight of the crucible. Then, add 10 grams of the oil to be tested accurately weighed and free from impurities.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
2) Place the crucible in the center of the Skidmore crucible. Level the sand in the sheetiron crucible and set the Skidmore crucible as it is in the exact center of the iron crucible.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
3) Apply the covers to both the Skidmore and the iron crucible, the one to the later fitting loosely to allow exit of vapors that are formed.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
4) Place the bare nichrome wire triangle on the metal tripod on the asbestos block as hollow sheet metal box. Center the short iron crucible into the block with its bottom resting on top of the triangle and cover the whole with the sheet iron hood in order to distribute the heat during the process.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
5) Apply heat with a highly strong flame from a Meker type gas burner so that the pre ignition period will be 10 and 1 1/2 minutes. When some smoke appear above the chimney, immediately move or tilt the burner so that the gas flame plays on the sides of the crucible for the purpose of igniting the vapors.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
Then, remove the heat temporarily and before replacing adjust the gas flame so that the ignited vapors burn uniformly with the flame above the chimney, but not above the wire bridge. Heat may be increased if necessary, when the flame does not show above the chimney. The period of burning the vapors shall be 13 and 1 minutes.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
6) When the vapors cease to burn and no further blue smoke can be seen, readjust the burner to hold the heat as in the beginning so as to make the bottom, and the cover part of the sheet-iron crucible, red and maintain for exactly 7 minutes. The total period of heating should be 2 to 30 minutes, which constitute an additional limitation on the tolerances for the preignition and burning periods.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
7) There should be no difficulty in carrying out the test exactly or directed with the gas burner provided, using city gas with the top of the burner about 2 below the bottom of the crucible. The time periods should be observed with whatever burner or gas used.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
8) Remove the burner and allow the apparatus to cool until no smoke appears, then remove the cover of the Skidmore crucible. Remove the porcelain crucible with heated tongs, place in the dessicator, cool and weigh.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
9) The total weight of the crucible plus beads and 10 grams of oil at start minus the weight of the crucible plus beads and carbon residue at finish equals loss of oil on grams. The 10 grams of oil minus loss in weight of oil equals carbon residue in grams, divided by 10 grams equals % of carbon residue.
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5. PROCEDURES: (cont..)
wt. of crucible & residue wt. of crucible % carbon residue 100% wt. of crucible & oil wt. of crucible
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6.
Weight of crucible = _______________ Weight of oil = ___________________ % of carbon residue = ______________ Weight of carbon residue = __________
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7. SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS: 8. QUESTIONS : 9. ANSWERS: 10. DISCUSSION: 11. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION: 12. REFERENCES:
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END
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