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KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

WATER LEVEL ALARM INDICATOR

Submitted By: Anish Anand 9911005012 ECE A

Feb-14

Guided By: Mr. M. K. Parmathma Assistant Professor ECE , KLU

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
IC:-ICNE555 Resistor:-R1(1K),R2(100K)

Buzzer:-K1
Capacitor :-C1(2.2,63V) Battery:-12Volts

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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CIRCUIT OPERATION
Here is a simple water level alarm circuit that will produce an audible alarm when the water level reaches a preset level. The circuit can be powered of a (3 to 12V) battery and is very handy to use. The circuit is based on an astable multivibrator wired around IC1 (NE 555). The operating frequency of the astable multivibrator here will depend on capacitor C1, resistances R1,R2 and the resistance across the probes A&B.

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When there is no water up to the probes,they will be open and so the multivibrator will not produce oscillations and the buzzer will not beep. When there is water up to the level of probes,some current will pass through the water,the circuit will be closed to some extend,and the IC will start producing oscillations in a frequency proportional to the value of C1,R1,R2 and the resistance of water across the probes. The buzzer will beep to indicate the presence of water up to the level of the sensing probes.

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COMPONENTS REQUIRED

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COMPONENTS REQUIRED

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IC NE555
The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. It is a very commonly used IC for generating accurate timing pulses. It is an 8pin timer IC and has mainly two modes of operation: monostable and astable. In monostable mode time delay of the pulses can be precisely controlled by an external resistor and a capacitor whereas in astable mode the frequency & duty cycle are controlled by two external resistors and a capacitor.

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IC NE555 [PIN DIAGRAM]

PIN 1 GROUND low level (0 V) PIN 2 TRIGGER Voltage below 1/3 Vcc to trigger the pulse PIN 3 OUT Pulsating output
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PIN 4 RESET interrupts the timing interval at Output. PIN 5 CONTROL VOLTAGE Provides access to the internal voltage divider; default 2/3 Vcc. PIN 6 THRESHOLD The pulse ends when the voltage is greater than Control. PIN 7 DISCHARGE Open collector output; to discharge the capacitor. PIN 8 VCC Positive supply voltage is usually between 3 and 15 V.

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RESISTOR
Resistor is a passive component used to control current in a circuit. Its resistance is given by the ratio of voltage applied across its terminals to the current passing through it. Thus a particular value of resistor, for fixed voltage, limits the current through it.

They are omnipresent in electronic circuits.

The different value of resistances are used to limit the currents or get the desired voltage drop according to the current-voltage rating of the device to be connected in the circuit.

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buzzer
The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. The generation of pressure variation or strain by the application of electric potential across a piezoelectric material is the underlying principle. These buzzers can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching action, counter signal or sensor input. They are also used in alarm circuits. The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it.
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It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other.

This, push and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz.
The Red lead is connected to the Input and the Black lead is connected to Ground.

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CAPACITOR
Capacitor is a widely used electronic component. It stores electric charge and then discharges it into the circuit. It blocks the direct current and allows the alternating current to pass through it. A capacitor contains two conductor plates which are generally made of metal and an insulator between them. The two plates are electrically connected to the external circuit with the help of two thin metal rods also known as the legs of the capacitor.

One is connected with positive voltage and other one with negative voltage.
A capacitor is characterized by the parameter capacitance. Capacitance is measured as ratio of difference of charges between the plates and total voltage drop between the plates.

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BATTERY[12V]
It is a collection of one or more electrochemical cells in which stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. The principles of operation havent changed much since the time of Volta. Each cell consists of two half cells connected in series through an electrolytic solution. One half cell houses the Anode to which the positive ions migrate from the Electrolyte and the other houses the Cathode to which the negative ones drift. The two cells are may be connected via a semi permeable membranous structure allowing ions to flow but not the mixing of electrolytes as in the case of most primary cells or in the same solution as in secondary cells.
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application & advantages

Water level indicator is used in applications like storage tanks, boilers etc. to indicate level of water inside. Easily indicate when water level is full in tank with beep Sound. Low cost

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THANK YOU

THE END

ANY QUERIES???
Rx

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