BIONANOTECHNOLOGY

B. Sherfudeen
M.Sc-Bioinformatics.
 Nanotechnology

• Research and technology development at the atomic,

molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale
of approximately 1 – 100 nanometer range.
.Examples:
• One billionth (10^9) of a meter
• Hydrogen atom 0.04 nm
• Proteins ~ 1-20 nm
• Diameter of human hair ~ 10 µm
• Carbon nano tubes(CNT) ~ 1.5 nm diameter
• DNA and water molecule.
 Bionanotechnology

• Nanotechnology tools and concepts to

applied in biology.

Human Body => Individual Cell => Individual DNA/RNA

(Macro) (Micro) (Nano)

• Manipulate biological systems using nanotechnology

tools rather than traditional chemical or biochemical
approaches.
The advantages of applying nanotechnology
to biological systems
• Most animal cells are 10,000 to 20,000 nm in diameter.

• Nanoscale devices ( >100 nm) can enter cells and

interact with DNA and proteins.

• Tools developed through nanotechnology may be able to

detect disease.
Carbon Nanotube(CNT):
• CNT is a tubular form of carbon with diameter as small
as 1 nm. Length: few nm to microns.
• CNT is rolled into a tube (single wall vs. multiwalled).
• CNT is strongest and most flexible molecular material
because of C-C covalent bonding.
SWNT MWNT
Applications of CNT:

• DNA sequencing through AFM imaging

• Artificial muscles and drug delivery devices.
• Retinal cell transplantation
• CNT based Biosensor:
Probe molecules for a given target can be attached
to CNT tips for biosensor development.

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 Applications of Bionanotechnology

• Drug delivery system

• Bio-detection of pathogens
• Detection of proteins
• Probing of DNA structure
• Tissue engineering
• Cancer diagnosis and treatment
• Separation and purification of biological molecules and
cells.
Drug delivery system:

• carbon nanotubes useful as drug delivery vehicles

because their nanometer size enables them to move
easily inside the body.

• Paclitaxel: protein-stabilized nanoparticle

• which is used to treat breast, bladder cancer.

Bio-detection of pathogens:

• The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

(DARPA) sponsors a project in Biosensor.
• “This project is detect bacteriological infections.
• Chemiluminescence Based E. Coli Detection.
Microbivore
Microbivore:

• It is nanorobotic device, called a microbivore.

• which eradicates blood-borne pathogens by digesting.

• It is similar to natural scavenger cells.

Detection of proteins:

• Gold nanoparticles are used in immunohistochemistry to

identify protein-protein interaction.

• A silver coating biotin is to detect surface recognition

proteins.

• Raman scattering spectroscopy is a well technique for

detection and identification of single dye molecules.

• In this single dye molecules used in protein detection.

Tissue Engineering:

• The osteoblasts are responsible for growth of the bone

matrix and are found on the developing bone.

• Titanium is a well-known bone repairing material widely

used in orthopaedics and dentistry

• ceramic nanoparticles and poly (methyl methacrylate)

copolymer.It is remove a viscoelastic behaviour of the
human teeth
Cancer diagnosis and treatment :

• Many nanotechnology tools possible for clinicians to run tests

without physically altering the cells or tissue.
• Cantilevel is cncer diagnosis tool. It diagnosis various stages of
cancer.

• Nanotubes, carbon rods about half diameter of a molecule of DNA,

will also help identify DNA changes in cancer.
Treatment:
• Nanotechnology may useful for developing ways to
eradicate cancer cells without harming healthy.
Commercial exploration:
• Most of the companies developing pharmaceutical
applications for drug delivery.
• A number of companies are applying nano-ceramic
materials to tissue engineering and orthopaedics.
• Colloidal silver is widely used in antimicrobial
formulations and dressings.
• Titania nanoparticles is used for bactericidal purposes in
filters.
• Nano-ceramics also commercialisation.
• The Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy
(ADEPT) uses antibodies to target particular cells.
Ethics:
Potential dangerous: *

Weapons:
o Miniature Weapons and Explosives
o Disassemblers for Military Use
Nanomachines:
o Self Replicating Nanomachines
Surveillance:
o Monitoring
o Tracking
References:

• Nanotechnology and Cancer-National Institutes of

Health,November 7, 2001.
• Applications of nanoparticles in biology and
medicine-OV Salata
Published: 30 April 2004.
• Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology-by Ineke
Malsch
• Nano-Bio-Genesis: tracing the rise of
nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology as 'big
science‘ by Rajan P Kulkarni
Published: 14 July 2007.
Thank you…