Mudit Kapoor

GIS present a simplified view of the world as it would be impossible to represent reality in its entirety in a computer The simplified view of the real world adopted by GIS is often termed a model Data are observations we make from monitoring the real world Data falls in two categories:
Primary Secondary

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Primary Data:
Data through first hand observation Counts of skiers using a particular ski run

Secondary Data
Data collected by individual, organization, etc Consumer survey of customers buying ski equipments

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Sources of primary and secondary data used in Happy Valley Primary Data
Daily meteorological records No. of lift passes No. of avalanches recorded

Secondary Data
Published meteorological maps Local topographic maps National and regional lifestyle data

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 Temporal(When) Thematic(Features of one type that are generally placed together in a single layer) Spatial(co-ordinate, spatial referencing)

For ex., for data about avalanche accident which took place in Three Pines Valley on 14 February, 1995, three modes are:
Temporal- 14 February 1995; Thematic- avalanche accident; and Spatial-Three Pines Valley

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Source of data Sketch map: going to some place Topographic and thematic maps that can be found in national atlases Thematic Map:
Special purpose map, show data related to a particular theme/ topic Eg. Soil, geology, land use, population, transport

Topographic Map:
General purpose Maps Contains a diverse set of data on different themes Land use, relief and cultural features map all appear
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Establish the purpose the map is to serve; Define the scale at which the map is to be Select the features (spatial entities) from the real world which must be portrayed on the map Choose a method for the representation of these features (point, lines and areas) Generalize these features for representation in two dimensions; Adopt a map projection for placing these features onto a flat piece of papers;
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Apply spatial referencing system to locate these features relative to each other; and Annotate the map with keys, legends and text to facilitate use of the map

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Purpose Scale
Ratio Verbal(nominal) 1:5,000 1 cm > 50m 1:1,000,000 1 cm >10 KM

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