Morphology

MORPHOLOGY
Nguyn H Giang
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Gii thiu chung v Morphology Click to add Title
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GII THIU CHUNG

Morphology : l hnh thi hc v cu trc ca i tng, hay n m t nhng phm vi v cc mi quan h gia cc thnh phn trong mt i tng Xut hin trong nhiu lnh vc : sinh hc , ngn ng hc , k thut , cng ngh
GII THIU CHUNG

Trong x l nh s : Nhng i tng c th coi nh l tp hp ca cc im nh, nhm li theo cu trc ma trn hai chiu Nhng thao tc ton hc ri rc trn tp hp im c s dng lm r nhng nt c trng ring ca hnh dng i tng, do vy c th tnh ton c hay nhn bit c chng mt cch d dng.
THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

Cc nh ngha c bn Php gin nh ( dilation ) Php co nh ( erosion ) Mt s tnh cht ca php gin nh v php co nh Php m nh ( opening ) Php ng nh ( closing ) Mt s tnh cht ca php m nh v php ng nh Php Bin i trng hoc trt (Hit-or-Miss) Cc thut ton c bn ca Morphology

CC NH NGHA C BN
nh nh phn : nh c 2 mc xm : en ( 1 ) , trng ( 0 ) Trong slide ny , ta coi i tng nh (A ) mu en , nn (Ac) mu trng V d :
CC NH NGHA C BN
Cho 2 i tng A , B c gii hn bi khng gian 2
CC NH NGHA C BN
a( 1,1 ) a b( -5, 1 ) b
A B
a)
A B
CC NH NGHA C BN
Phn x (reflection) ca B c biu th l
Ngha l phn t w c hnh thnh khi nhn tng ta ca B vi -1 khi v tr tng i gia cc im trong B c xu hng i ngc li so vi ban u,hay ni cch khc B s quay quanh gc ta mt gc 180o
CC NH NGHA C BN
Php tnh tin A bi im x ( hng , ct ) c nh ngha : A+x = {c|c = a+x , a A} V d :
CC NH NGHA C BN
Cc php ton logic
CC NH NGHA C BN
Phn t cu trc : L phn t dng bin i nh cn x l Thng c quy nh theo mt mu ring da trn ta ca mt s im c lin quan ti i tng no V d :
Khi mt php ton hnh thi c thc hin th cc gc ca phn t cu trc thng dch chuyn ln lt trn cc im nh. Gi tr ca cc im nh va c qut qua s c so snh vi nhau, cc kt qu thu c sau khi so snh ph thuc vo php ton hnh thi ang c s dng.

Cc nh ngha c bn Php gin nh ( dilation ) Php co nh ( erosion ) Mt s tnh cht ca php gin nh v php co nh Php m nh ( opening ) Php ng nh ( closing ) Mt s tnh cht ca php m nh v php ng nh Php bin i trng hoc trt (Hit-or-Miss) Cc thut ton c bn ca Morphology
PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

Lm cho cc nh tng kch thc D(A,B) = A B = () V d :

V d :

Vi phn t cu trc bao gm gc , coi phn t cu trc nh mt mu sn v tnh tin trn b mt nh. Khi gc ca phn t cu trc khp vi im nh ti cnh ca hnh nh th cc im nh tng ng vi vi gc ny s c nh du v thay th. Sau khi ton b im nh c qut qua bi phn t cu trc th thao tc gin hnh nh c hon tt

Vic xc nh v tr ca gc cu trc l rt quan trng, n c th quyt nh hng co dn ca nh. Nu gc bn tri, nh c xu hng gin v bn phi, gc bn phi th gin v tri v nu gc gia, nh s gin u. Thng thng, gin nh u v tt c cc pha, ta thng s dng cu trc c dng ma trn 3 3 vi gc chnh gia

Trng hp phn t cu trc khng cha im gc , nh thu c sau khi gin c th khng ch mt s im nh ca nh ban u V d :

Php gin nh s bin mt s im = 0 thnh im = 1 s dng trong trng hp mun xa nhiu trng . Tuy nhin s dng php gin nh s lm nh tng kch thc , mun xa nhiu trng v nh gi nguyn kch thc ta s s dng php ng nh ( s xt phn sau ) V d :

V d v ng dng php gin nh xa nhiu trng ( s dng phn t cu trc n gin )

Cc nh ngha c bn Php gin nh ( dilation ) Php co nh ( erosion ) Mt s tnh cht ca Morphology Php m nh ( opening ) Php ng nh ( closing ) Php bin i trng hoc trt (Hit-or-Miss) Cc thut ton c bn ca Morphology
PHP CO NH ( EROSION )
Thu hp kch thc nh ( c th khng gi nguyn hnh dng nh ) E(A,B) = A = () = () V d :
Nu phn t cu trc B cha gc , nh A thu c s nm trong nh A ban u . Ngc li , nu B khng cha gc , A s c nhng im khng thuc A
V d php co nh vi gc thuc phn t cu trc
V d php co nh vi gc khng thuc phn t cu trc
Vic xc nh gc ca phn t cu trc rt quan trng . Nu gc bn tri, nh c xu hng co v bn tri, gc bn phi th co v phi v nu gc gia, nh s co u V d v php co nh vi phn t c gc gia
V d v php co nh vi phn t c gc bn phi
V d v php co nh vi phn t c gc bn tri
Ch : Php co v php gin khng phi l nhng thao tc ngc nhau. C th trong mt s trng hp , s dng php co v php gin lin nhau s a nh v khch thc ban u nhng nhn chung th iu l khng ng V d trng hp a nh v kch thc ban u
V d trng hp khng a nh v kch thc ban u
Php gin nh s bin mt s im = 1 thnh im = 0 s dng trong trng hp mun xa im tha trn bin nh. Tuy nhin s dng php co nh s lm gim kch thc nh, mun xa im tha trn bin nh v nh gi nguyn kch thc ta s s dng php m nh ( s xt phn sau ) V d :

MT S TNH CHT
Tnh cht gia tng X X X B X B X B X B B X B X B
:
B B
Tnh cht phn phi a) X ( B B ) = ( X B ) ( X B ) b) X ( B B ) = ( X B ) ( X B ) ( X Y ) B = ( X B ) (Y B ) Tnh cht kt hp ( X B ) B = X ( B B ) ( X B ) B = X ( B B )
( ( X B)
( (X
B ) B = ( X B) ,
B ) B )
B = (X
B ),
Tnh bt bin (( X B ) B ) B = X B (( X B ) B ) B = X B

PHP M NH ( OPENING )
A B = (A B) B O( A , B ) = D( E ( A , B) , B )
m" nhng khong trng nh gia cc phn tip xc trong i tng Thng lm trn bin ca i tng trong nh, nh loi b nhng phn nh ra c kch thc nh, khng cn thit m vn gi c kch thc ban u ca i tng
V d 1 :
(a) Mt nh c nhiu vt th c lin kt (b) Cc vt th c cch ly bi php m vi cu trc n gin

V d 2 :
(c) Mt nh c nhiu (d) nh nhiu sau khi s dng php m, cc im nhiu en bin mt

Cc nh ngha c bn Php gin nh ( dilation ) Php co nh ( erosion ) Mt s tnh cht ca Morphology Php m nh ( opening ) Php ng nh ( closing ) Php Bin i trng hoc trt (Hit-or-Miss) Cc thut ton c bn ca Morphology
PHP NG NH ( CLOSING)
AB=(A B) B C ( A , B ) = E( D(A , B ) , B )
ng " nhng khong trng nh gia cc phn tip xc trong i tng nh Thng s dng vi mc ch, lp y nhng ch thiu ht ca i tng trn nh da vo cc phn t c bn ban u, xa nhiu trng
V d 1 :
( a ) Mt nh c nhiu trng ( b ) nh nhiu sau khi s dng php ng, mt s im nhiu trng bin mt
V d 2 :
a. b.
( b ) nh ca mt bng mch c phn ngng v c cc vt t ( c ) nh sau khi ng , nhng nt t c ni lin

MT S TNH CHT
i vi php m nh : ABA Nu C D th C B D B (AB)B=AB i vi php ng nh : AAB Nu C D th C B D B (AB )B=AB

PHP BIN I TRNG HOC TRT ( HIT OR MISS )
CC THUT TON C BN
Tch bin ( Boundary Extraction ) Lm y (Region Filling) Tch cc thnh phn lin thng (Extraction of Connected Components) Bao Li (Convex Hull) Lm mnh(Thinning) Tm khung xng (Skeletonization)
CC THUT TON C BN
TCH BIN
Nhng im nh trn bin ca mt i tng l nhng im nh trn bin m c t nht mt im nh ln cn thuc nn. Bin = A - (A Cu trc n gin ) V d :
TCH BIN
Bin ca tp hp A ph thuc vo kch thc ca phn t cu trc. dy ca ng vin bao quanh i tng ph thuc vo kch thc ca phn t cu trc V d :
CC THUT TON C BN
LM Y
Lm y vng ca mt i tng t bin l b sung gi tr 1 vo ton b vng pha bn trong bin ca i tng. Xk=(Xk-1B Ac , Vi k =1,2,3,k-1. Vi X0=p v B l phn t cu trc A l nh ban u ch cha bin ca i tng ( gi tr l 1 )
CC THUT TON C BN
C l i c k
t o
e d i t
c o m p a n y
s l o g a n

Morphology

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MORPHOLOGY

Gii thiu chung v Morphology Click to add Title

Click to add Title

GII THIU CHUNG

GII THIU CHUNG

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

PHP GIN NH ( DILATION )

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

Tnh cht phn phi a) X ( B B ) = ( X B ) ( X B ) b) X ( B B ) = ( X B ) ( X B ) ( X Y ) B = ( X B ) (Y B ) Tnh cht kt hp ( X B ) B = X ( B B ) ( X B ) B = X ( B B )

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

(a) Mt nh c nhiu vt th c lin kt (b) Cc vt th c cch ly bi php m vi cu trc n gin

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

( b ) nh ca mt bng mch c phn ngng v c cc vt t ( c ) nh sau khi ng , nhng nt t c ni lin

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

THAO TC TRN NH NH PHN

PHP BIN I TRNG HOC TRT ( HIT OR MISS )

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