NETWORK LAYERS and ADDRESSES

Prepared By: Khurram Shahzad

Logical Address vs Physical Address

PHYSICAL ADDRESS
A Physical address is a 48-bit flat address burned into the ROM of the NIC card which is a Layer1 device of the OSI model. This iis divided into 24-bit vendor code and 24-bit serial address. This is unique for each system and cannot be changed.

LOGICAL ADDRESS
A Logical address is a 32- bit address assigned to each system in a network. This works in Layer-3 of OSI Model. This would be generally the IP address.

Simply we can say that Physical address is MAC address (Media Access Control) which is inbuilt and Logical Address is the IP which is given manually. Because a MAC address is assigned (by the FCC) to a company to use for a range of products. For example: 01:23:45:00:00:00 - 01:23:45:FF:FF:FF

Public IP Address /Network Address

Public IP Address / Netwrok Address Every device connected to the public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods (also called a 'dotted-quad') and look something like 127.0.0.1. Since these numbers are usually assigned to internet service providers within region-based blocks, an IP address can often be used to identify the region or country from which a computer is connecting to the Internet. An IP address can sometimes be used to show the user's general location.

Private IP Address /Network Address

LAN Address or Private IP Address
In the Internet addressing architecture, a private network is a network that uses private IP address space. These addresses are commonly used for home, office, and enterprise local area networks (LANs), when globally routable addresses are not mandatory, or are not available for the intended network applications. These addresses are characterized as private because they are not globally delegated, meaning they are not allocated to any specific organization, and IP packets addressed by them cannot be transmitted onto the public Internet. Anyone may use these addresses without approval from a regional Internet registry (RIR). If such a private network needs to connect to the Internet, it must use either a network address translator (NAT) gateway, or a proxy server.

ISO/OSI LAYERS
Physical Layer 1 Data flows physically

Data Link Layer

Network Layer Transport Layer

2 Uses MAC Addresses

3 Uses IP/Network Addresses 4 Reliable Delivery and ack.

Session Layer
Application Layer

5
7

Creates Session
O.S works to convert data. Browser works here.

Presentation Layer 6

Layer 1 Devices
Cables

Connectors
Hub Csu/Dsu (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit)

Modem
Repeaters

Layer 2 Devices
Switch Utilizes MAC/Physical Address

Bridges

Layer 3 Devices
Routers Utilizes IP/Network Address

THANK YOU!