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Research Methodology

Basic Steps in Research


By : A.A Gd. Puja Wiguna I Putu Ivan Karya Wiguna I Made Sudarman Utama

Basic Steps in Research


Research: a series of scientific activities that originated
from the existence of a problem.

Purpose: The goals of the research activities. Systematics of work: conducting research in order to
guarantee the validity of the results and can be justified

Problem Identification
As an affirmation of the limits of the problem, so it is not out of the scope of research aim

A. Decomposition of the background issues B. Formulation of the problem

Background Decomposition Problems:

Deliver and explain the background of why something is


considered as a problem

Necessary relevant facts in the presentation of data on


the importance of issues

B. Formulation of the problem

Issues-formulated in a question form

Fundamental questions in the study


The formulation of the problem has the following
characteristics: Asked about the relationship at least 2 variables Clearly stated in the interrogative sentence Can be tested by the method empiric Can not contain a question of morals and ethics

Formulate a Theoretical Basis and Formulate Hypotheses


The first path: read and review the theories and
concepts of the study variables with deductive reasoning process

The second track: reading and reviewing previous


research findings that are relevant to the research problems of inductive thought the process

Determining variables
Variables can be any variety of research we need to consider in
reaching conclusions in a phenomenon that occurs

Identification of variables: eksplisif statement about what and how


the function of each of the variables that we consider

Function variables: independent, dependent, predictor, moderator

Variables that have been identified need to be done


operationalization

Operationalization of variables: translating the concept of the


relevant variables in the form of behavioral indicators

Determining research instrument


Plays an important role in determining the validity of
research results

Psychologists and social research in the form of


questionnaires, interviews, questionnaires

Forms of data collection instruments used, the


accuracy of the purpose and use of the instrument

Determining Research Subject


Subject of research: primary source of research data
about variables studied

Basically a research subject which will be subject to


conclusion. If the subject is limited and still within range of resources that can be done population studies. Whereas if the subject is very much research and outreach are beyond the resources to do the study sample

Population and Sampling:

Sampling is very important in survey research because


of the limited resources available for the study population as a whole. But in order to get a correct conclusion should reflect the characteristics of the sample population and the state

Collect the Data


Data processing activities beginning with:

1. Tabulation of the data in a state of a parent table


2. Classification of data 3. Descriptive Analysis 4. Testing the hypothesis 5. Inference analysis

Quality of a study is not determined by: Simple or complex quantitative analysis performed Does not have to be complex and many Quantitative analysis should not Presentation of the many figures and tables However, a good research that should be done with precision of analytical techniques for the purpose of research and the state of the data

Writing Results Research Report


A study should be published for the benefit of science
and will have great practical value

Each investigator is responsible for completing a series


of scientific events to be a form of written scientific reports that can be justified

Different report forms for each audience

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