Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals. The source of this influence may be formal, such as that provided by managerial rank in an organization. Organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. We need leaders today to challenge the status quo, create visions of the future, and inspire organizational members to want to achieve the visions.
They perform the following roles 1.Fixer 2.Connector 3.Gatekeeper 4.Truth teller 5.Visionary
6.Exemplar
7.Enforcer 8.Facilitator
BEHAVIORUAL THEORY
Behavioral theory believes that managers leadership potential can be trained into effective leadership to achieve favorable outcomes.
Behavioral theories focus more on patterns of leadership behavior than on the individual leader.
This theory believes that leaders are made, not born. Leadership can be learned and is not automatic.
MICHIGAN STUDIES
1.Based on research done at Michigan University, managerial behavior can be of two types: a)Job centered pay close attention to sub-ordinates work, and are interested in performance b)Employee centered interested in developing a cohesive work group and ensuring employee satisfaction. 2.The approach suggests leaders may be extremely jobcentered, extremely employee centered, or somewhere in between.
(1964)
HIGH
9 8 7
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7
1,9
9,9
5,5 1,1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9,1
8 9
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7
1,1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
LOW
HIGH
IMPOVERISHED STYLE
Description: A delegate- and- disappear management style . A basically lazy approach Characteristics: The manager shows a low concern for both people and production. He avoids to get into trouble. His main concern is not to be held responsible for any mistakes Results :disorganization, dissatisfaction and disharmony due to lack of effective leadership
HIGH
9 8 7
1,9
COUNTRY CLUB LEADERSHIPST YLE LOW PRODUCTION / HIGH PEOPLE
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7 HIGH PRODUCTION/ LOW PEOPLE
9,1
6 7 8 9
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7
1,9
9,1
8 9
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7 MEDIUM PRODUCTION/ MEDIUM PEOPLE
5,5
MIDDLE OF THE ROAD LEADERSHIPST YLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7 TEAM MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP STYLE HIGH PRODUCTION/ HIGH PEOPLE
9,9
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
9 8 7
1,9
9,9
5,5 1,1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9,1
8 9
LOW
HIGH
LEADERSHIP THEORIES
TRAIT THEORY GHISELLI BASES OF INFLUENCE (POWER)
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
APPEARANCE, HEIGHT, AGE
PERSONALITY
EXTROVERSION, PERSISTENCE, SELF-ASSURANCE, DECISIVENESS
INTELLIGENCE
KNOWLEDGE, ABILITY, JUDGMENT
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
TACT, DIPLOMACY, SOCIABILITY, FLUENCY
IMPLICATION
WE MUST BE VERY CAREFUL IN HOW WE SELECT OUR LEADERS
LIMITATIONS
IT OVERLOOKS THE NEEDS OF FOLLOWERS
DO SELF-CONFIDENT LEADERS CAUSE FIRMS TO BE SUCCESSFUL, OR DOES A SUCCESSFUL FIRM ALLOW A LEADER TO FEEL SELF-CONFIDENT?
LPC Theory
It was developed by Fred Fiedler First Situational theory of leadership. Identified Two Styles of leadership
a) Task Oriented b) Relationship Oriented
LPC measure
Measures leadership style by means of a controversial questionnaire called LPC measure. Manager/Leader has to describe a specific person with whom he or she wants to work least with. 16 scales each ends has a positive or negative adjective. Example: Helpful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Frustrating 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Relaxed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 High total Relationship oriented Low score Task oriented
PATH-GOAL THEORY
The Path-Goal theory of leadership is a theory suggesting that the primary functions of a leader are to make valued or desired rewards available in the workplace and to clarify with the subordinates the kinds of behavior that will lead to goal accomplishment, and the valued rewards- that is, a leader should clarify the paths to goal achievement.
Leaders are made, not born, and how they develop is critical for organizational change.