CHAPTER 8:

ASPECTS OF CONNECTED
SPEECH

Compiled by vanyendao.k7.Eng.hvu

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RHYTHM

ASSIMILATION

ELISION

LINKING

1. RHYTHM

1. RHYTHM

Rhythm of heart-beat

THE RHYTHM
1.1 Definition: Rhythm is an event happening at regular internals of time 1.2 The rhythm: The rhythm of speech is the regular occurrence of stressed syllable at regular internals of time

Example: 1. He arrived six oclock 2. Walk down to the path to the 'end of the canal.

English Rhythm

Unit of rhythm (Foot) Stressed syllable + unstressed syllable

Stress-time rhythm

2. ASSIMILATION

2.1 Definition: Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds.
Ex: 1. news /njuz/ but newspaper /njuspeip/
2. This year / ij ji/ 3. Want to / wn/

2.2 Types of assimilation

Assimilation

Direction of change

Consonant can change

In term of direction of change

Regressive assimilation: The phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that comes after it. Example: This year / ij ji /, bright color /braik kal/ light blue /laip blu/. Progressive assimilation: The phoneme that comes first affects the one that comes after it. Example: those year / ji

In the terms of consonant change

CONSONANT CHANGE

ASSIMILATION PLACE OF ARTICULATION

ASSIMILATION MANNER

ASSIMILATION OF VOICE

Assimilation of place of articulation

Assimilation of place of articulation

Assimilation of place of articulation

Assimilation of place of articulation

Assimilation of manner
Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant

Note: // follow a plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word Eg: get them /get m/ /gettm/ in the /in / /inn/

Assimilation of voice
Only regressive assimilation of voice

eg: I like that black dog / ai laik t blk dg/ / ai laig d blg dg/

3. Elision
Definition Elision is the case of a sound realized as zero in casual, rapid speech. There can be vowel elision and consonant elision. Example: vowel: tonight /tnait/ consonant: eight tins /eitins/

Rules of elision

Rules of elision
c. Avoidance of complex consonant cluster: d. Loss of /v/ in of before consonant Example:

Weak form
Auxiliary verbs

Strong du:
:

Weak d (r)* wz w wd kd d kn
Prepositio ns

Strong

Weak

do are was were would could should can

to

tu:

w z w3:r Wud Kud ud kn mst

for
from into of as

f:(r)
frm Intu: ov z

f(r)
frm Int
(v) z

must

ms(t)

at

4. Linking
Linking is the phenomenon where words or sounds are linked together. There are 5 basic rules of linking.

Rules of linking:

Rules of linking

4. Linking
* Note: Sometimes listeners have ambiguity in meaning with other words. Example:
/maitrein/: /aiskri:m/: my train Ice cream or or might rain I scream

Thank you!!!
Group 7

Created by:
Vanyendao K7 English. Hungvuong university