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Introduction
Herbal medicine and its prominence in use
Herbal medicine are originated mostly from ancient countries such as Egypt ,Greece, Persia, India and China. For healing the ailments as a drugs or food additive or in form of traditional use. Over three-quarters of world population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. 3000 Medicinal plants are reported India.
It is prominenet because: Inadequate supply drugs, high cost of treatment, side effect & development of the resistance It is preferable because: Little side effect, renewable resources, compatibility, safety and more efficacy.
Bryonopsis laciniosa
Names and classification
Family : Cucurbitaceae Botanical name: Bryonopsis laciniosa (Bryonia laciniosa) Local name : Shivlingi English Name : Lollipop plant Sanskrit Name : Apastambhini, Chandra, Lingaja, Lingini, Shivavalli
B. laciniosa specifications
Physical properties A herbaceous, slender, monoecious climber Leaves - Palmate 3-7 lobed Flower - Creamy white, in axillary fascicles Pulps - spherical and smooth Seeds - Obovate, creamywhite or pale yellow Flowering season - August to October Medicinal properties Potent medication Tonic and aperient Impotency treatment Treatment of fevers with flatulence Whole plant Used to treat: adenopathy, ague, asthma, bronchitis, cholera, colic, consumption, convulsion, cough, fertility, headache, paralysis, phthisis, snake bite
Rationale of project
Bryonopsis Consist of more than 100 species B.dioica, B.alba and B.laciniosa are medicinal. B.alba and B.dioicia are utilized in European countries in treatment of many diseases.
B.alba used: As Diuretics In Gravel (In Urinary Blocks) For relieving coughs and colds B. dioica is a powerful cathartic and expectorant used in treatment of : Asthma Intestinal ulcers and Arthritis Vermifuge
In some reference literatures, the medicinal properties of Shivlingi leaves and whole plant are described as:
The methanol extract of B. Laciniosa showed significant analgesic and antipyretic activity. The chloroform extract of B.laciniosa exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect. Goniothalamine isolated from B. laciniosa has shown significant cytotoxicity, anti-cancer, apoptosis-inducing properties.
Mixing 10 gm of each powdered sample with 50 ml of 80 % ethanol (further extraction was repeated 3 times) Incubated in dark place for 3 to 5 days in RT Mixtures are filtered through whatman NO.1 filter paper.
Removing the ethanol from extracted liquid by rota- evaporation and waterbath evaporation method (temperature 70 c).
Semisolid extracts air-dried, weighed and dissolved in known amount of 5 % DMSO to give concentration of 40 mg/ml.
Antimicrobial assay
Disc diffusion method (Modified Kirby Bauer method )
Test organisms are: S.aureus, M.leuteus, B.cereus, E.coli, S.typhimurium,P.aeruginosa
1. Autoclaved paper discs (diameter 6 mm) were soaked in different concentration of the extract and allow to evaporate the solvent. 2. 100 l Standardized fresh inoculums (McFarland standard NO. 0.5) spread on agar plates 3. After 15 minutes the discs are placed on the agar plates 4. Incubation for 24h at 37C.
10l Ampicilin (100 mg/ml) - positive control.
5% DMSO
control-blank.
1. Wells filled by 10l of different concentration of each extract ,+ve and -ve control.
2. The plates incubated for 24 h at 37C and the diameter of any resulting zone of inhibition are measured.
0.1 ml (100 l) of sterile distilled water was added in each well. 0.1 ml (100 l) of extract (40 mg/ml) were added to the first well and diluted serially by two-fold dilution method. Then each well was inoculated with 100 l of 0.5 McFarland standard bacterial suspensions. Plates were incubated at 37C for 24 h. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of the extract inhibiting the visible growth of each micro-organism.
E.coli
P. aeruginosa
stem extract
M. leuteus S.aureus
Antimicrobial activity exhibited by leave extract through agar disk diffusion method. Test Organism Zone of inhibition (mm) Concentration Ampicilin100 (mg/ml) mg/ml 10 20 30
E. coli
P. aeruginosa S. typhimurium S. aureus M. leuteus B. cereus
14 12 15
7 16 15 18
9 17 16 20
17
18 24 35 22 23
Antimicrobial activity of various extracts through agar well diffusion method Zone of inhibition (mm) Test Organism Concentration (mg/ml) Leave extract 10 20 30 E. coli P. aeruginosa S. typhimurium S. aureus M. leuteus B. cereus - 5 6 Stem extract 10 20 30 6 7 Pulp extract Seed extract Ampicilin (mg/ml) 100
10 20 30 10 20 30 15 17
8 6 9
10 9 11
13 12 14
8 6 7
11 7 10
14 11 13
21
30 20 22
Conclusion
The present study proved antimicrobial activity of B. laconioca Bacillus cereus was the most susceptible bacteria to this extract. It is evident that tested bacteria are more sensitive to stem extract than leave extract. The MIC values ranged between 0.156 and 5 mg/ml for stem extract MIC varied between 0.625 and 10 mg/ml for leave extract against tested microorganisms This in vitro study demonstrated that folk medicine can be as effective as modern medicine to combat pathogenic microorganisms. It is hoped that this study would lead to the establishment of some compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.
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