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Regression Analysis
Simple regression analysis is used in a situation where one metric independent variable is hypothesized to affect one metric dependent variable.
Scatter plot
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LKLHD_DATE
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PHYS_ATTR
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Y
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i 1
2 i
Yi
Y i
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Xi
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SPSS
Analyze Regression Linear
Model Summary Model 1 R .841 R Square .707 Adjusted R Square .704 Std. Error of the Estimate 5.919
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 8195.319 3398.640 11593.960 df 1 97 98 Mean Square 8195.319 35.038 F 233.901 Sig. .000
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SPSS contd
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 34.738 2.065 .520 .034 Standardized Coefficients Beta .841
Model 1
(Constant) PHYS_ATTR
t 16.822 15.294
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Model validation
1. 2. Face validity: signs and magnitudes make sense Statistical validity:
Model fit: R2 Model significance: F-test Parameter significance: t-test Strength of effects: beta-coefficients Discussion of multicollinearity: correlation matrix Out-of-sample forecast errors
3.
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SPSS
Model Summary Model 1 R .841 R Square .707 Adjusted R Square .704 Std. Error of the Estimate 5.919
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SPSS
Model Summary Model 1 R .841 R Square .707 Adjusted R Square .704 Std. Error of the Estimate 5.919
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Model Significance
H0: 0 = 1 = ... = m = 0 H1: Not H0
(all parameters are zero)
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Model Significance
H0: 0 = 1 = ... = m = 0 H1: Not H0
(all parameters are zero)
F =
(SSReg/k) (SSe/(n 1 k)
~ Fk, n-1-k
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SPSS
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 8195.319 3398.640 11593.960 df 1 97 98 Mean Square 8195.319 35.038 F 233.901 Sig. .000
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Parameter significance
Testing that a specific parameter is significant H0 : j = 0 H1 : j 0 (i.e., j 0)
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SPSS contd
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 34.738 2.065 .520 .034 Standardized Coefficients Beta .841
Model 1
(Constant) PHYS_ATTR
t 16.822 15.294
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Conceptual Model
Physical Attractiveness
Likelihood to Date
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Conceptual Model
Perceived Intelligence
+ +
Physical Attractiveness
Likelihood to Date
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Model Summary Model 1 R .844 R Square .712 Adjusted R Square .706 Std. Error of the Estimate 5.895
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 8257.731 3336.228 11593.960 df 2 96 98 Mean Square 4128.866 34.752 F 118.808 Sig. .000
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 31.575 3.130 .050 .037 .523 .034 Standardized Coefficients Beta .074 .846
Model 1
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Conceptual Model
Gender
Perceived Intelligence
+ +
+
Likelihood to Date
Physical Attractiveness
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Moderators
Moderator is qualitative (e.g., gender, race, class) or quantitative (e.g., level of reward) that affects the direction and/or strength of the relation between dependent and independent variable Analytical representation
Y = 0 + 1X1 + 2X2 + 3X1X2
with Y = DV X1 = IV X2 = Moderator
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Moderators
Model Summary Model 1 R .910 R Square .828 Adjusted R Square .821 Std. Error of the Estimate 4.601
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 9603.938 1990.022 11593.960 df 4 94 98 Mean Square 2400.984 21.170 F 113.412 Sig. .000
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Moderators
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 32.603 3.163 .000 .043 .496 .027 -.420 3.624 .127 .058 Standardized Coefficients Beta .000 .802 -.019 .369
Model 1
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Conceptual Model
Gender
Perceived Intelligence
+ +
+
Likelihood to Date
Physical Attractiveness
+
Communality of Interests
2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
Perceived Fit
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Mediating/intervening variable
Accounts for the relation between the independent and dependent variable
Analytical representation
1. 2. 3. Y = 0 + 1 X => 1 is significant M = 2 + 3 X => 3 is significant Y = 4 + 5X + 6M => 5 is not significant => 6 is significant With Y = DV X = IV M = mediator
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Step 1
Mode l Summary Model 1 R .963 R Square .927 Adjus ted R Square .923 Std. Error of the Estimate 3.020
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 10745.603 848.357 11593.960 df 5 93 98 Mean Square 2149.121 9.122 F 235.595 Sig. .000
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Step 1 contd
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 17.094 2.497 .030 .029 .517 .018 -.783 2.379 .122 .038 .212 .019 Standardized Coefficients Beta .044 .836 -.036 .356 .319
Model 1
Step 2
Mode l Summary Model 1 R .977 R Square .955 Adjus ted R Square .955 Std. Error of the Estimate 2.927
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 17720.881 831.079 18551.960 df 1 97 98 Mean Square 17720.881 8.568 F 2068.307 Sig. .000
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Step 2 contd
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 8.474 1.132 .820 .018 Standardized Coefficients Beta .977
Model 1
t 7.484 45.479
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Step 3
Mode l Summary Model 1 R .966 R Square .934 Adjus ted R Square .930 Std. Error of the Estimate 2.885
ANOVA Model 1 Sum of Squares 10828.336 765.624 11593.960 df 6 92 98 Mean Square 1804.723 8.322 F 216.862 Sig. .000
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Step 3 contd
Coefficients Unstandardized Coefficients B Std. Error 14.969 2.478 .019 .028 .518 .017 -2.040 2.307 .142 .037 -.051 .085 .320 .102 Standardized Coefficients Beta .028 .839 -.094 .412 -.077 .405
Model 1
insignificant effect of indep. var on dep. Var. significant effect of mediator on dep. var.
2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
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