STRATELLITES

Satellite in Stratosphere

Contents
Introduction Existing Technology(Satellites) Stratellites Construction and working Stratellite v/s satellite Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion References

STRATOSPHERE + SATELLITE

Introduction
Wireless communication is simply data communication without the use of landlines. This may involve cellular telephone, two-way radio, fixed wireless (broadband wireless), laser (free space optics) or satellite communication systems. Mobile wireless technologies are going to act as glue towards bringing together the wired and wireless to share and distribute information seamlessly across each others areas of reference. Since from the beginning of wireless communications, there have been a number of developments in each generation. Considering the future generation of wireless communication i.e.; 4G.

Introduction(contd..)
4th GENERATION:
To achieve the goals of true broadband cellular service, the systems have to make the leap to a fourth-generation (4G) network. 4G is intended to provide high speed, high capacity, low cost per bit, IP based services. The goal is to have data rates up to 20 Mbps. Most probable the 4G network would be a network which is a combination of different technologies (current cellular networks, 3G cellular network, wireless LAN, etc.) 4G-cellular systems should not only be high-speed but also highcapacity, with low bit cost, high capacity with reasonable frequency bandwidth, the cell radius of 4G-cellular systems shall be decreased from that of present cellular systems.

Existing Technology
Satellites:
Satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into higher orbits. Satellite communication is the backbone of wireless communications, and global positioning systems. Satellite in orbit of the planet cover huge footprint territories Satellites come in 4 types: I.Geo-stationary II.Sun-synchronous III.Geosynchronous IV.Low-earth orbit

Existing Technology(contd..)
Advantages of Satellite communication:
High Bandwidth Coverage over a large geographical area Can be cheaper over long distances

Drawbacks of satellites:
Two main drawbacks of satellites. The first is signal latency, which can cause problems in establishing broadband links. Most telecommunications satellites are in geostationary orbit to remain above a certain point on the Earths surface. That orbit, however, is 22,240 miles above the Earth, which means that a signal going up to the satellite(uplink) and back to the Earth(downlink) travels nearly 45,000 miles, which equates to about a quarter of a second delay. Even users of satellite voice links notice the delay.

Drawbacks of satellites:
The second drawback is that satellites are in space, requiring expensive space launches, an additional level of regulation by

national space authorities, and an orbital allotment by the International

Telecommunications Union (ITU). Also they include noise and interference due to large distance between

transmitter and receiver units.

Stratellites
A stratellite is similar to a satellite, but is stationed in the stratosphere rather than on the orbit. Stratellite is a High Altitude Airship(HAA), which is positioned approximately 13 miles above the earth, which provides the benefits of a satellite like remote sensing, navigation and communication.

Stratellites(contd.)
Each Stratellite will have clear line-of-site communications capability to an entire major-metropolitan area as well as being able to provide coverage across major rural areas. The Stratellite is designed to carry certain payloads into the Stratosphere determined by the requirements of the customer. A single unit could send broadband, mobile phone and digital television and radio signals to a large area. The unmanned Stratellite would be powered by solar cells and propelled by electric motors.

Construction
Outer layer is made of spectra is a fabric used in bullet proof vests. Filled with a mixture of helium and air Consists of: Propeller Solar cells Regenerative fuel cells Helium gas bag Transponder Hybrid electric motors

Working
Inside is filled with Helium gas, as it is inert gas not flammable. The Helium gas expands pushing out air and lifting the airship. Uses solar cells sprayed on their surface to generate electricity. The generated electricity drives propellers that work with GPS technology to keep the stratellite stationary.

Stratellite v/s Satellite

Advantages
Decreases Signal latency Less expensive to launch Service an area of 300,000 square-miles Two-way high speed data communication High speed broad-band access even in remote area. For a country two stratellites are enough instead of thousands of towers

 Stratellites will carry over 20,000 pounds of radars and other remote imaging equipment, navigational aids, and telecommunications relays. Stratellites are planned to remain on station for a year at a time and will cost a one fifth as much as a comparable satellite

Disadvantages
May lead to traffic problems in stratosphere.

Would require efficient ground control and maintenance.

So far, this technology remains non-commercialized, and is in a prototype stage for further developments. Unlike with a satellite, a stratellite is at the mercy of the weather.

Applications
In environmental disasters telecommunication breaks down within seconds, Re-installation of the infrastructure takes weeks or months. The Stratellite can be used as a floating mobile telecommunication station for all telecommunication purposes and the transmission of temporary data communication, telecommunication and TVprograms as well as long-term missions over metropolitan cities. The Stratellite will allow subscribers to easily communicate in "both directions" using readily available wireless devices. In addition to voice and data, proposed telecommunications uses include cellular, 3G/4G mobile, MMDS, paging, fixed wireless telephony, HDTV, real-time surveillance and OTHERS. Application case : Googles Project Loon

Conclusion
Probably the most "far out there" concept in this roundup, Stratellite is actually much closer to reality than what you may think.

Once the defects of Stratellites have been overcome and become

more reliable, they play a vital role in the future generation wireless communication.

This is a promising technology that could combine the best of

Satellite and wired Internet - fast with low latency and hugely widespread, at least in theory.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratellite http://pesn.com http://www.yenra.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit www.howstuffworks.com http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20021223/1452217.shtml http://gizmodo.com/027949/sanswire-stratellite

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