CHAPTER 4: MATRICES

 4.5 MULTIPLICATION OF TWO MATRICES

“Z SOLUTION”

Oleh: Mohd Nazan Bin Kamarul Zaman

SMK. Kota Klias, Beaufort
 We can determine whether two matrices can
be multiplied by observing the orders of the
two matrices
 The multiplication of two matrices is possible
if and only if the number of columns in the left
matrix is the same as the number of rows in
the right matrix
Matrix A x Matrix B = Matrix c
pxq qxr = pxr
The order of the product
Of these matrices

Number Number
of columns = of rows
Finding the Product of Two Matrices

r1  a b   p q   r1c1 r1c 2 
    =  
r2
 c d   r s   r 2c1 r 2c 2 
c1 c2

 ap + br aq + bs 
 
 cp + dr cq + ds 
Z SOLUTION

a b 

c 

 d 
p q

r s 

 
 ap + br 

 

 
Z METHOD

a b 

c 

 d 
p q

r s 

 
 aq + bs 

 

 
Z METHOD

a b 

c 

 d 
p q

r s 

 
 

cp + dr 

 
Z METHOD

a b 

c 

 d 
p q

r s 

 
 

 
 cq + ds 

Z METHOD

a b  p q ap + br aq + bs 

c   
 r s  = 
cp + dr 
 d    cq + ds 

Z METHOD

a b 

c 

 d 
p q

r s 

 
 ap + br aq + bs 

 

 cp + dr cq + ds 
example

 Find the product of

3 0  4
   
 − 1 2  1 
Order: 2 x 2 2 x 1

Number Number
of columns = of rows
r1 3 0
 
r2  − 1 2 
 
 4
 
1 
c1
 (3x4) + (0x1) 
=  
 (-1x4) + (2x1) 
12 + 0
=
 

 -4 + 2 
 12 
=
 

 -2 
 2 − 1 1 0
b)    
3 0 2 1

2 − 1
 
3 0
1 0
 
2 1
 2(1) + (-1)(2) 2(0) + (-1)(1) 
=  
3(1) + 0(2) 3(0) + (0)(1) 
 
 2 + (- 2) 0 +(-1)  0 -1
=   =  
 3+ 0 0+ 0  3 0
  3 3 ×4  1 − 3  1 2
c)   ( 4 5) =   d )    
 − 2  − 2× − 2×  2 2 3 1
Solving Matrix equations Involving Multiplication of
two matrices

We can solve a matrix equations involving multiplication of two

matrices as follows:

Step 1 : Simplify the equation

Step 2 : Equate the corresponding elements on both sides of the

matrix equation
 1. Find the value of x and y in each of the following matrix
equation

 5
a) ( 2 x )   = ( 3 x ) SPM 2001
− x
(2 x)
 5
 
− x
( 2(5) + x( − x ) ) = ( 3x )
( 2(5) + x(− x) ) = ( 3 x )
(10 )
− x 2 ) = ( 3x )
10 − x 2 = 3x
0 = x 2 + 3x −10
x 2 + 3 x −10 = 0
( x + 5 )( x - 2 )=0
x + 5=0 x - 2=0

x =-5 x =2
  x − 1  2   5   2
b)     = 2   c) ( x 3)   = ( 7 )
 3 0   − 4  3  − 1

−1 x  5   x2   x − 3  2 y   − 1 x + 3
d )     =   e)   =    
4 − 1  − 6   − 2  5 4   − 3 1  2 1 