COLOUR REMOVAL OF OIL BY USING NATURAL CLAY

Dr. S.K. Kansal S.S. Bhinder Dr.SSB U.I.C.E.T Panjab University

Girish Gupta M.E. Chemical 2nd year

Index
Introduction Objective Literature Review Methodology Procedure

To purify crude vegetables oils using activated clays

Crude vegetable oil are extracted by solvents

Impurities

free Fatty acid, triglycerides , phospholipids, hydrocarbons, pigments, tocopherols,gums, trace metals 2. Characteristics: dark brown colour, odour, flavor
1.

Aim / Literature review

To convert the crude oil to quality edible oil by

removing objectionable impurities to the desired levels in the most efficient level From the literature review, it was found that clay materials with high smecite content, and kalonite , bentonite etc clays, fuller earth , activated carbon, silica gel were used for purification of vegetable oil with specific clay/oil ratio at particular process materials Particle size distribution, minerlogical and chemical analyses had been reported by many researchers

 Activation parameters:

Temperature 2. Acid concentration 3. Activation time These parameters permits the optimization for the bleaching capacities and kinetics studies activated clays are expected to be good agents for purification and decolorization of vegetable oils as compared to commercial adsorbents
1.

 Researchers also reports that oils are not

deteriorated by clays during bleaching process This will be verified by using different vegetables oils and performing bleaching experiments using activated clays as adsorbents

Methodology
Batch adsorption will be utilized using

activated clays as adsorbents. UV spectrophotometer will be used for the analysis & evaluation of the amount of pigments removed.

 Bleachability

Colour
Free fatty acid content Peroxide value Phospholipids content Iodine value Saponification value

procedure
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A. B. C.

D.
E. F.

Clay activation Oil degumming De waxing Bleaching Other test peroxide value Phospholipids contents Free fatty acid contents Colours Saponification value Iodine value

bleachibility
BC (%) = (A0 A) x100

A0 where A0 and A are the absorbance of neutral oil and bleached oil, respectively, at the maximum absorbance wavelength of the neutral oil (420 nm).

 Free fatty acid content: this method determines

the free fatty acids existing in the sample FFA as oleic % = Ml of alkali * N *28.2 wt of sample FFA as lauric % = Ml of alkali * N *20 wt of sample FFA as palamitic %= Ml of alkali * N *25.6 wt of sample

 All testing procedure are done according to

AOCS Manual Clay Used : Natural attapulgite Oil used for project: rice bran oil, Cotton oil Sun flower Why clay used ? The natural clay can be combined with mineral acids as well as chelating acids such as citric or phosphoric acids to improve chlorophyll activity.

 Peroxide Value: this method determine all

substance, in terms of multi-equivalents of peroxide per 1000 gms of sample, which oxidize potassium iodide under the conditions of the test Peroxide value as milliequavalents of peroxide per 1000g of sample = (S-B)*(N)*(1000) wt of the sample