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.Monounsaturated
Figure 3 : Formation of TG
. Polyunsaturated
saturated
unsaturated
Figure 1 : Triglyceride
Structure:
Phospholipids
Its just like a penguin A head at one end & a tail at the other!
Function of Fat
Fat in Food
. .
Adipose Tissue
. Meat Fat (bacon, sausage.) . Dairy Fats and products (cream, butter, cheese..) . Egg yolk
Plant Fat
Animal Fats
. Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated Fatty acid . Vegetable oil (saf flower, corn, soybean, cottonseed, olive oil)
Digestion of lipids
1. In mouth mechanical digestion Lingual Lipase 2. In stomach mechanical digestion
Gastric lipase
Triglycerides
Triglycerides Triglycerides
Absorption of lipids
Transportation of lipids
Table 3 Lipids are transported in the plasma as lipoproteins.
Source Chylomicrons Intestine Destination Many organs Major lipids Triglycerides, other lipids Triglycerides, Cholesterol Functions Deliver lipids of dietary origin to body cell. Deliver endogenously produced triglycerides to body cells. Deliver endogenously produced cholesterol to various organs.
VLDLs
Liver
Many organs
LDLs
Cholesterol
HDLs
Cholesterol
Lipids Metabolism
. . .
metabolism.
Adipose tissue is the main store of triglyceride in the
Fatty acids are both oxidized to acetyl CoA and synthesized from acetyl CoA.
Lipolysis
. .
mitochonderia.
(oxidized).
Fatty acid + ATP + CoA Acyl CoA + AMP + PPi
Long chain fatty acids penetrate the inner -Mitochinderial membrane as carnitine derivatives.
carbon atoms.
Ketone bodies
Ketogenesis occurs when there is a high rate of fatty acid oxidation in the Liver (figure 10).
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA CoA
Acetoacetate
-hydroxy butyrate
Acetone
Lipogenesis
Cholesterol
It is an essential structural
Figure 14 : Cholesterol
component of membrane of the outer layer of plasma lipoprotien. Bile acids and steriod hormones are formed from cholesterol. Cholesteryl ester is a storage form of cholesterol which is found
in most tissues.
Acetyl CoA
CoA -hydroxy- - methylglutaryl CoA HMG-CoA reductase Mevalonate Squalene
Farmesyl pyrophosphate
Cyclization
References
Brene, R., Levy, M., Koeppen, B., Stanton, B., (2004) Physiology, Fifth edition. Mosby.
Lehninger, A., Nelson, D., Cox, M.,(1993) Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd edtion. Worth Puplishers.
Murray, R., Granner, D., Mayes, P., Rodwell, V., (1996) Hapers Biochemistry, 24th edition, Prentic-Hall International, Inc. Seeley, R., Stephens, T., Tate, P., (1992) Anatomy and Physiology,Mosby Yearbook.