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GITAM UNIVERSITY

In Association With

Indian Institute of Safety Management

Introduction to Health & Safety Management


By

Lynel. S
Executive Director, IISM

Size of the Problem


According to ILOs Global statistics:
Every day at least one person is killed.
over 270 million occupational accidents and 160 million occupational diseases recorded each year. Around 2 million people die every year from occupational accidents and occupational diseases. There are around 355,000 work related fatal accidents each year- half of these occur in agriculture.

Why SAFETY ?
Humanitarian/Moral
Ethical and responsible behaviour

Legal / Social
Criminal and civil liability

Cost / Economic
The costs of accidents and ill-health

Legal Outcome
Fines

Jail

Hidden Costs of Accidents


Accident investigation Payments to injured Replacement labour Training Cos Business interruption Loss of reputation Repair cost Compensation Legal fees Insurance Premium

DEFINITIONS

SAFETY
The state of having acceptable degree of freedom from risk of harm to Personnel / Property / Environment

DEFINITIONS

HAZARD
Anything or something with the potential to cause harm to Personnel / Property / Environment

Examples of Hazards
Safety
Slips, trips, falls Falls from height Struck by vehicles

Health
Exposure to hazardous chemicals

Contact with electricity

Exposure to asbestos, dusts, etc.

Contact with moving parts Repetitive strain injuries

HAZARD
Something with potential to cause harm
Physical Chemical

Biological
Ergonomic

Psychological

DEFINITIONS

RISK
Risk is the likelihood of potential realization of harm to Personnel/ Property/Environment from one or more hazards

DEFINITIONS

RISK
Risk is the product of Likelihood / (Probability) of occurrence of harm and Severity if it occurs. Risk = Probability x Severity
Risk Rating = Probability x Severity x Number

RISK

Risk can be categorized as HIGH risk, MEDIUM risk, LOW risk and TRIVIAL risk

Can the Risk be made Zero ?

RISK

Please Remember
Risk cannot be ZERO and there will always be residual risk left behind.

Aim should be to reduce it to SOFAIRP - So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable.

DEFINITIONS

SAFETY
It refers to all actions and precautions put in place to reduce the risk to an acceptable level Risk reduced to the level of ALARP
ALARP - As Low As Reasonably Practicable

DEFINITIONS

ACCIDENT
An unplanned, unwanted sequence of events resulting in loss of some kind to Personnel/Property/ Environment.
Example : Someone get hurt during work minor/major/fatal injury

DEFINITIONS

ACCIDENT
An unplanned, unwanted sequence of events resulting in loss of some kind to Personnel/Property/ Environment.
Example : Some structure / building collapse; Crane fails and damaged while lifting etc.,

DEFINITIONS

ACCIDENT
An unplanned, unwanted sequence of events resulting in loss of some kind to Personnel/Property/ Environment.
Example : Oil spill into the sea posing threat to fishes and sea organisms; Chemical gets inadvertently discharged polluting atmosphere etc.,

Near Miss or Accident?

Near Miss or Accident?

Can Accidents be Zero ?

Please Remember
ACCIDENTS DONOT HAPPEN, But they are caused. In fact all accidents are preventable. Accidents happen due to two reasons. Unsafe Acts Unsafe Conditions

All accidents must be thoroughly investigated to find out the root cause in order to take safety measures to prevent recurrence

DEFINITIONS

NEARMISS / CLOSE CALL


An unplanned, unwanted sequence of events which had the potential to result in loss.

LUCKY ENOUGH TO ESCAPE But cannot always take it for granted

DEFINITIONS
Near-miss is to be considered as an early warning that an accident is certain, if no remedial measures are put in place.

PROACTIVE MONITORING
Measures put in place to ensure a safe work place before an accident occurs.
Example Periodic safety inspections/ audits, JSA , Risk Assessments etc.,

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE

REACTIVE MONITORING
Measures put in place to ensure a safe work place AFTER an accident occurs.
Example Implementation of Safety Precautions / Modifications based on an Accident Investigation Report.

LESSONS LEARNT

Key elements of a H&S Management system: Deming Wheel

Setting Policy

Organising
Planning and implementing Evaluation (monitoring, review, measurement , investigation) Auditing

Action for improvement (Preventive and corrective action,


continual improvement)

Key elements of successful health and safety management


Information link Control link

Policy Organizing Planning and Implementing Evaluation


(Measuring Performance)

National policy on OSH OSH structure, organization

Auditing

Implementation plan with OSH objectives, time limits, measurable targets

Action for Improvement (Reviewing Performance)

Review and adjustment of OSH system

Policy
Policy states managements intentions and sets clear aims and objectives.

Policy consists of : a) General Statement. ie. Declaration of intent (what) b) The Organisation. ie. Responsibilities (Who) c) Arrangements. i.e Procedures for implementing (How)

Organising

Deals with: Responsibility

Accountability
Competence Training and communication

Effective supervision
Monitoring

Planning and Implementing


ILO systems combines planning and implementation Compliance with national laws and regulations. Adequate resources, technical support, Hazard identification and respective control measures New Processes /other new ventures Legislative changes Emergency arrangements Arrangements for contractors

Evaluation (monitoring, review,


measurement, investigation):
Performance measurement Phase: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation

Reactive and Proactive Monitoring Measures


Investigation procedures Review system with respect to Monitoring

Auditing
ILO recommends an AUDIT be performed at regular intervals by trained and competent auditors. Covers all elements of Management systems Effectiveness of the H & S Policy and its implementation Workers participation Procurement

Contracting
Continual improvement

Action for improvement (Preventive and


corrective action, continual improvement):
Based on Reports of the monitoring, audits and Review Introduce and Maintain preventative /corrective actions

Plan for continual improvement

Influences on an organisations H&S standards.

Internal influences are:


Production demands Management commitment Communication Competence Employee representation Control

External influences are:


Economic State of the country Social Expectations Legislation Enforcement Insurance Companies Trade Unions Competitive Tendering

To Conclude
Is SAFETY a good Business?
YES . The Benefits are:

Increased levels of compliance Improved production Improved staff morale Improved company reputation Reduced accidents Reduced ill health Reduced damage to equipment Reduced staff complaints Reduced staff turnover Reduced insurance premiums Reduced fines and compensation claims

Any Questions

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