Sewage treatment process

Involvement of microbial activity Is extremely important in the recycling of waste materials. Conversion of organic forms to inorganic forms (Mineralization)
Sewage organic compounds
aerobic oxidation

CO2 + Inorganic N nutrients

Anaerobic degradation

CO2 + CH4 Mo much reduce the BOD of sewage

Effective sewage treatment

decrease the BOD level as much as possible Remove toxic materials Remove objectionable matter

The method of sewage treatment depends on

Amount of sewage materials The BOD Presence of toxic chemicals Nature of receiving waters

Sewage treatment process are generally applied in Single dwelling unit situations Municipal situations
Single dwelling unit treatment processes

1. Outdoor toilets
During construction care should be taken to see that flies have no access to these and joining water supplies is eliminated

2. Septic tanks
These are used for residential quarters. Sewage is passed through suitable pipes leading to a tank located at the suitable place. Tank is made up of metal or concrete. Heavy particles of sewage are settled down and undergo anaerobic decomposition.

 Remain effluent has high BOD and must passed through a drainage field of sand and gravel.(Mineralization / Stabilization).

Treated water is allowed to go out through perforated pipes within the ground. There is no chance of the drainage of sewage from septic tank into water supply. Sludge must be periodically removed from the tank to prevent clogging of pipes

1. House 2. Inlet

4. Sludge 5. Septic Tank

7. Distribution Box 8. Perforated Pipe 9. Absorption Field

3. House Sewer line 6. Outlet

 This system works well when -Not overloaded -Proper size of drainage system -Soil type
Heavy clay soil require extensive system poor permeability

High porosity of sandy soil allow chemicals and bacterial pollutants to near water supplies

Septic tank

3.Imhoff tanks Is a modification of septic tank. Generally used to treat large community waste / sewage It consists of two chambers.
Top chamber receives sewage and heavier particles settle into the lower chamber. Slow anaerobic decomposition takes place in the lower chamber.

The liberated gas can be utilized as fuel. The sewage effluent (remaining sewage water) is either let in to large water bodies or is subjected to aerobic decomposition. The sludge is periodically removed , aerated and used as manure

1. Gas 3. Sludge Pipe 5. Flow Chamber

2. Sludge 4. Gas 6. Digestion Chamber