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Foils
Sketcher
Course Presentation
Objectives of the course
In this course you will learn how to sketch, constrain, and edit 2D profiles. These profiles are then used to generate solids and surfaces
Targeted audience
New users
1 day
Prerequisites
CATIA Basics
p.6
p.7
p.17
p.18 p.26 p.29 p.33 p.37 p.41 p.47 p.53
p.57
p.58
4. Editing Profiles
Modifying Profile Geometry Editing a Spline
p.64
p.65 p.70
p.75
p.76 p.88 p.94 p.99 p.105 p.108
6. Setting Constraints
Introduction to Constraints Quick Constraints Constraints Via Dialog Box Auto Constraints Animating Constraints Sorting Sketches by their Solving Status Relation between Dimensions
p.111
p.112 p.117 p.123 p.126 p.131 p.132 p.137
p.141
p.142 p.149 p.150 p.153 p.164
Why Using the Sketcher ? Discover It Sketcher Workbench Sketcher Interface Sketcher Terminology Sketcher General Process To Sum Up
Select Start > Mechanical Design > Sketcher then select a plane or a face on an object
If you want to create a Sketch by specifying its 3D position and orientation, you have to select the Sketch Positionning icon.
A dialog box where you can define the Absolute Axis System appears. If you create a Sketch, it will be positionned regarding to this System.
10
Exit Sketcher Profile Rectangles, Polygons... Circles, Ellipse, Arcs... Spline Ellipse Line Axis Points...
Profiles
Operations
Corner
Chamfer
Trim options... Symmetry Projection Constraints dialog box Constraint Auto Constraint Animate Constraint
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Constraints
Circles
Conic
Line
Point
12
Once on the plane on which you want to sketch has been selected, it is displayed parallel to the screen (if Tools+ Option + mechanical Design + Sketcher + Position sketch plane parallel to screen is active)
If you select the Normal View icon when the sketch plane is already displayed parallel to the screen, you will turn the sketch plane and see its other side.
13
Sketcher Terminology
The Sketch is the holding point for a group 2D elements on a specific plane. There can be more than one Sketch using the same plane as support. The V-H Axis is the 0,0 for the Sketch. Sketches generally consist of a Profile, Constraints, and Dimensions (a type of Constraint).
Profile
Constraints
Dimensions
14
General Process
1 2
Select a plane, a solid face, or a planar surface to sketch on Access the Sketcher workbench
3 4 5
Constrain the geometric elements Create geometric elements
6
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 15
To Sum Up
16
The CATIA Sketcher Work Modes Profiles Points Lines Splines Circles and Arcs Conics Axis To Sum Up
17
18
The Sketcher work modes aid you while you sketch the geometry. They facilitate input of values, automate Geometrical/Dimensional Constraints creation, help visualize 3D geometry etc ...
19
Using Grid/Snap
When creating any lines ( profile, segment, circle, arc, curve, ), you can activate or deactivate the snap to point icon at any time. When the snap to point icon is active, the cursor only snaps on the points of the grid (graphical creation). If you enter coordinates when the snap to point icon is active, the system does not take into account the grid and place the point in accordance with the coordinates you have entered. To modify the grid parameters, select Tools + Options from the top of the screen, select Mechanical Design from 3 the dialog box then, select the Sketcher tab. 1 4
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Value Fields
1
When sketching, you can enter exact coordinates/lengths/angles in the Tools bar.
For the profile first point, you can define the Horizontal and Vertical coordinates. By pressing the tab key you access the Horizontal coordinate field, so you can enter it. By pressing the tab key once more, you access to the Vertical coordinate field, so you can enter it
For example, in using the Profile tool ... 2 For the profile second point, you can also use the tab key to enter a coordinate, but you can also define the second point of the profile by entering the length of the segment between the first and the second point and/or by entering the angle between the Horizontal axis and the segment to be created.
3 When profiling an arc, the tools bar allows you to enter the H and V coordinates of the last point of the arc but you can also enter a radius. You can enter these coordinates by using the tab key.
If you enter only one of the coordinates (H, V, L, A or R) you fix it, this means that the other parameters can move graphically but not the fixed one.
22
Automatic Dimensions
When activated: - corner dimensions - chamfer dimensions - dimensions entered into the value fields are automatically created during geometry construction.
4
With Dimensional Constraints on
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Automatic Constraints
Notice that Tangency Constraints are created even if Geometrical Constraints is Off
3
With Geometrical Constraints On Start to sketch the geometry. Variations of valid Constraints will be proposed depending on where the Mouse is with respect to the existing geometry. When you see the Constraint you require, click on the Mouse to store the Constraint (and the new geometry).
24
Section Views
In order to see a Section View of the part while sketching, click on the Cutting Plane icon in the Cut By Plane toolbar.
This is purely a visualization tool, no intersection curves are created from the intersection of the Solid with the Cutting Plane.
If you need to constrain to (or Dimension off from) the intersected outline of the Solid, use the Intersect 3D Elements tool
25
Profiles
You will learn how to create a Profile element
Profile seen in 3D
26
Inner profiles
A profile, within a profile, is shown here to illustrate how "Inner Domains" work. Notice the reversals of the Boolean operations between addition and subtraction as we progress from the outside inwards
Inner profiles
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Creating Profiles
Horizontal constraint
Tangency constraint
2
6
Select the line icon (default) and click on two points to create line
Drag horizontally and click to create line. Rather than using the Tangent arc icon to create the final arc, click, drag and release at the beginning of the arc and CATIA goes into the tangent arc mode automatically.
Select the Three Point Arc icon and click on two points to create arc
5
Select the line icon and drag vertically to create line and click
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Points
You will learn the various methods to create points
29
- By the user - By the system When the user creates a line, the lines end points are automatically created by the system. When the user creates a circle, the center point is created. The coordinates of these automatically created points can later be modified by double-clicking and entering new values. Alternatively, the user can first create the points directly. He can then create a line or any other geometry by selecting these points.
30
Points by Identification
1 2
In the Sketcher, select the Point by clicking on the Coordinates icon
Click to define the location where you want the point
For ease of placing the points, select the Snap to Point icon so the cursor will snap to the grid while trying to locate the point
31
Points by Coordinates
If the Dimensional Constraints mode is on, Polar dimensions will automatically be created in the case of Polar input. (Cartesian dimensions created in the case of Cartesian input)
32
Lines
You will learn the various methods to create lines
33
In CATIA V5, a line segment is described in the Specification Tree by three nodes - two point nodes (Point.1 and Point.2) and one line node (Line.1). The line is supported by its parents - the points. When the position of a point is modified (either by double-clicking and entering new coordinates; or by dragging), the position of the line will change accordingly.
34
OR you can type the line specifications in the value fields of the Tools toolbar
35
Bi-Tangent Lines
2
Select the two elements you want the line to be tangent to ...
36
Splines
You will learn how to create a Spline in the Sketcher
37
38
Creating a Spline
1 3 2
In sketcher, select the Spline Icon Click first point to start the spline then click the second point of the spline
5 4
Double-click to specify the spline End Point.
4
Double-Click on a Spline Control Point to specify exact coordinates or to create a Tangency vector at that point. You can later apply Constraints to this vector (i.e. make it parallel to a line). then click for the third point of the spline
Double-click on a Spline Control Point to specify exact coordinates or to define a Curvature after a tangency vector
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Connecting Curves
1 Select the
Connect icon
3
Select the second curve
You get:
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41
In CATIA V5, a Circle consists of two nodes: Point.1 Circle.1 specifying the coordinates of the Circle Center specifying the Radius of the Circle
The Arc will have two additional nodes: Point.2 Point.3 specifying the coordinates of one limit specifying the coordinates of the second limit
Note: When a Circle is Trimmed leaving only a portion of the complete circle. Two additional points are added to the Specifications Tree. In fact, the representation becomes the same as that of an Arc.
42
Basic Circles
Click once to define the center point of the circle, then drag the cursor
3
and click again to define the circle size
43
Click three times to define 3 points. The circle will pass through these points
44
3 2
Enter the absolute coordinates of the circle Enter the size of the radius
45
3
then click to define the second point of the arc
4
Then click to define the end point of the arc
46
Conics
You will learn the various methods to create conics
47
Ellipse
Parabola
Hyperbola
Required Inputs Center, Major Axis Limit, Point on Curve Focus, Apex, Start Point, End Point
Hyperbola
48
then click the second point for the major axis endpoint
The Tools Toolbar then displays values for defining the ellipse major axis endpoint
49
50
Creating a Parabola
2 Click to indicate the
Focus Point of the Parabola
As always, the Tools Toolbar is contextual and allows the user to input specific point coordinates during the creation steps
51
Creating a Hyperbola
2
Click to indicate the Focus Point of the Hyperbola
As always, the Tools Toolbar is contextual and allows the user to input specific point coordinates during the creation steps
52
Axis
You will learn the method to create an Axis in Sketcher
53
An Axis drawn into a Sketch can also be used (but not required) to generate a Surface of Revolution. A separate Line or Solid Edge can also serve to specify the axis of revolution. Also, the Profile need not be Closed nor Coincident to the axis in this case.
54
Creating an Axis
1 2
In the Sketcher, select Axis icon Click the first location for starting point of the axis...
You will need axes whenever using a symmetry command or creating a grove or shaft.
3
Using the shaft command on our profile sketch, CATIA produces a shaft using the axis we defined
To Sum Up ...
You have seen how to set the Sketcher work modes:
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57
Oriented Rectangle
Parallelogram
Elongated Hole
Cylindrical Elongated Hole Keyhole Profile Hexagon
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Pre-Defined Profiles are tools to facilitate the creation of standard complex shapes with the minimal number of inputs that can fully describe all aspects of that shape. It increases productivity by reducing Mouse/Keyboard interactions
59
Rectangle
OR you can type the rectangle specifications in the value fields of the Tools toolbar In creating all the Pre-Defined Profiles, it is always useful to read the prompts at the bottom left corner of the screen
60
Parallelogram
3
finally, click to determine the width and internal angles of the Parallelogram
OR you can type the Parallelogram specifications in the value fields of the Tools pallet
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Elongated Hole
3 1 2
Indicate the first center of the hole ...
4
finally, click to determine the radius of the Elongated Hole
OR you can type the hole specifications in the value fields of the Tools pallet
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To Sum Up ...
You have learned to create Pre-Defined Profiles such as:
Rectangle Oriented Rectangle Parallelogram Elongated Hole Cylindrical Elongated Hole Keyhole Profile Hexagon
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Editing Profiles
In this lesson will learn tools to help you edit Sketcher elements
64
Before
After Change
65
Design change
Changing the sketch that defines a feature propagates that change to all subsequent operations involving the feature
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 66
Edit the existing coordinates of the line to new parameters (V: 50mm)
H: -40 V: 50
This method works on most construction entities, opening the appropriate dialog for the entity selected
67
1
Click and drag the line downward to its new location
The profile changes according to where you move the element and the constraints you have applied
You have modified the shape of the profile without using any intermediary menu options
68
Select Edit->Delete and the element is suppressed. Now multi-select additional elements to delete
Use the contextual menu (select Mouse Button 3 while cursor is on one of the selected elements) to delete
Select the Undo icon or option to restore deleted elements. The Undo icon or option will remember all changes up to the last time the part was saved
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70
You will see: Using the same method, you can add a point before the current point or to replace the current point by another one
71
You can also define a tangency or/and a curvature on the current point
72
Auto Search
1
Select one element in the Profile Commands such as Auto Search that are found in the Menu bar can be added as an Icon into a Toolbar if desired
Drag down to Auto Search from the Edit Menu bar. All elements in the Profile are selected.
Auto Search is a multi-selection tool. Once selected, you can use the Contextual menu to delete or change the properties of all the elements in one go.
73
To Sum Up ...
You have seen various ways you can edit Profiles:
Double-Clicking to edit Element Coordinates Modifying Shape and Size by Dragging Deleting Elements
and Using Auto-Search as a handy tool for Multi-Selecting a Profile
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Operations on Profiles
In this lesson you will learn how to reuse existing geometry
75
Re-Limiting Operations
You will learn how to re-limit geometry using Corner, Chamfer, Trim, and Break Operations
Before Relimitations
After Relimitations
76
For a large number of cases, however, re-limitation of sketched geometry using Trim or Break is still necessary to achieve Design Intent.
77
Corners
1
Select the Corner Icon
3
Select the two lines
4
Move the mouse around so that the corner is visualized in the correct quadrant
5
Type in the radius required and hit Enter
If Dimensional Constraints is activated , the radius dimension will be created on the Sketch.
78
Chamfers (1/3)
The chamfer command allows you to create a chamfer between two lines trimming either both, the first or none of the elements
Select the Chamfer icon 2 Select the first line on which the chamfer will be created 3 Select the second line on which the chamfer will be created
You get:
Chamfers (2/3)
Chamfer trim options
No trim
80
Chamfers (3/3)
Chamfer definition options
Length/Angle option:
Length1/Length2 option
Length1/Angle option:
81
Move the mouse around before selecting the second line - notice that the system shows you the various solutions possible depending on where you select this line.
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 82
Deletes
You get :
Keeps
You get :
Breaks
83
84
You get:
85
Select the Close command from the ellipse contextual menu (MB3)
You get:
86
Breaking
Use Break to split a line or curve into two parts.
Select the line to be broken (a) then select the breaking line (b)
(a)
(b)
87
Transformation Operations
You will learn how to perform transformations such as Rotation, Translation, Scaling and Symmetry on Sketcher Geometry
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89
Symmetry
2 1
Select (or Multi-Select) the element(s) to symmetrize
90
Translation
In general, once a value is entered, it is temporarily fixed. The remaining values continue to float. In the example below, if the length of translation is entered, the user is still capable of moving the mouse around to change the direction of the translation. Number of Copies
2 3 4
Select the Translation Icon Select a first point on the Grid to define the origin of the translation
Options: A) Select a second point of the Grid to define the distance and direction for the translation B) Type in the coordinates of the second point into the Tools Toolbar C) Make the Translation Definition window active and type in the Length of translation. Indicate the preferred direction. (Press the TAB key to go between fields)
91
Rotation
When the Snap Mode is active (as in the Rotation Definition window), the angle values that are proposed as the user moves the mouse around will take on Integer increments
2 3 4
Select the Rotation Icon Select the Center Point for the Rotation
Options: A) Select two points on the Grid with respect to the center to define the angle B) Type in the coordinates of the two points into the Tools Toolbar C) Make the Rotation Definition window active and type in the Angle of Rotation (Press the TAB key to go between fields)
92
Scaling
When the Duplicate Mode is not active, the selected geometry is transformed (no new elements are created)
2 3
Options: A) Select the Center Point and a second point on the Grid with respect to the center to define the magnitude of the Scaling B) Type in the coordinates of these two points into the Tools Toolbar C) Select a center point. Make the Scale Definition window active and type in the Scaling Factor (Press the TAB key to go between fields)
93
Offset
You will learn how the Offset tool is used
94
The offset can be positive or negative to determine on which side of the profile the offset profile will be created
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 95
In order to select the connected element of the profile, select the Point Propagation icon
96
To validate, click on the side you want to get the offset profile
97
Additional Information
Different options to define an offset
Instead of entering an offset value, you can define a point the offset profile will pass through by entering its coordinates
To offset only the selected element To define several instances
98
Operations on 3D Geometry
You will learn what tools operate on 3D Geometry from Sketch Mode and why they are important
99
What are the Tools that Operate on 3D Geometry and Why are they Important?
Project - projects elements that are off the current Sketch plane into the Sketch. - Projection is associative to the parent 3D geometry - intersects 3D elements with the Sketch plane - Intersection is associative to the parent 3D geometry - Breaks the links that Projected and Intersected elements have with their parent 3D geometry so that they may be edited independently
Intersect
Isolate
The Profile of the Tray is linked to the Profile of the Support through a Projection
Tray Support
100
Project 3D Elements
2 1
Select (or Multi-Select) the elements to project onto the Sketch plane. (Selecting Solid Faces or Surfaces will project the boundary curves of these elements) Select the Projection Icon
Here a projected Solid Edge (a Spline contour) is used as part of the closed profile for the current Sketch
101
Intersect 3D Element
Select (or Multi-Select) the elements to intersect with the Sketch plane.
If the shape of the surface should change, this contour will also change accordingly
Here the curve generated by intersecting the surface with the Sketch plane can be used as part of the closed profile for the current sketch
102
You get:
103
Isolate
The Isolate command breaks the links between Projected and Intersected elements and their parents 3D geometry so that they may be edited independently 2 Activate the Isolate option from the menu
- Insert/Operation/3D Geometry
The isolated lines turn white to indicate that they are no longer linked. You can now drag these lines to new locations or change them as needed
A Projected or Intersected curve does not need to be isolated in order to be relimited (position is not modified)
104
Select OK
You get:
105
Double click
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107
108
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To Sum Up ...
You have learned how to perform various operations on the geometry you create in the Sketcher (and to bring 3D geometry into the context of the Sketcher): Re-limiting Operations (Corners, Chamfers ) Global Transformations (Translations, Rotations ) Offset Operations on 3D Geometry (Project, Intersect )
110
Setting Constraints
In this lesson you will see:
Introduction to Constraints Quick Constraints Modification of Constraints Auto Constraints Animating Constraints Sorting Sketches by their Solving Status Relations Between Dimensions To Sum Up
111
Introduction to Constraints
You will learn the different ways to create constraints
112
Why Constraints?
Without Constraints, geometry can be moved freely just by using the mouse to drag them. If Sketcher profiles are moved, so do the solids that are supported by them. In the context of an assembly, if one part moves, another part that is related to it may also move. Although in CATIA V5 geometry will remain in place when put there, without Constraints any subsequent movement of elements by the user may go unnoticed and affect Form Fit and Function of entire assemblies. Hence, Constraints serve to mathematically fix geometry in space. They also can specifically relate one element to another and serve as visual feedback to the user on what these relationships are. After Constraints are created, they are easily modified by merely changing their values or placement. From the ease at which Constraints may be modified and from the inherent downstream associativity of V5, the user can quickly explore alternative designs.
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Geometric constraints
A Geometric constraint is a specification of how two geometric elements are related to one another: are the elements coincident (located at the same place), are they concentric, tangent, perpendicular or parallel to one another?
Geometric constraint
(here concentricity)
Dimensional constraints
A Dimensional Constraint, one type of Geometric Constraint, specifies the distance between two elements. This distance can be specified as a linear distance, an angular distance, or a radial distance depending on the type of geometric elements involved
Dimensional constraint
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002
(here distance)
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115
Sketching in Context
You can add constraints between the active sketch and any part edges, vertices or other sketches.
116
Quick Constraints
Dimension Constraints
Contact Constraints
117
Dimension constraints and Contact constraints are frequently used. Hence, they are made accessible with just one click.
118
but then selecting the line turns the dimension to a distance dimension
Pre and post selection affects the way CATIA applies dimensional constraints.
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 119
2 1
Select the Contact Quick Constraints icon
Generally, the first selected element will remain in its current position. The second one will move. For more control, use the Fix Constraint beforehand.
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 120
Modification of Constraints
121
All geometric and dimensional constraints may be deleted using the Contextual Menu (third mouse button)
Values of dimensions may be changed by double-clicking on them The location of dimensions and the extension lines can be modified by dragging with the left mouse button
The type of Constraints applied on an element can be modified by reentering the Constraints Dialog Box and making modifications there
A geometric or dimensional constraint attached to an element (i.e. line, circle etc ) can be reconnected to a different element. The geometry will change to conform to the new Constraint setup
122
2
Select the Constraint Dialog Box icon
4
Select a new constraint eg. Verticality
5 Click OK to Exit
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Reconnecting a Constraint
1 Double Click on the
Tangency Constraint
2
Click on More
5
Select the unassociated line in the Sketcher window
4 Select Reconnect
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Click the icon Select the value text of the dimension Drag the value text to the new position
Dimension line:
To modify the position of the dimension line:
Click the icon Select the dimension line Drag the line to the new position
125
Auto-Constraint
126
What is Auto-Constraint?
Elements to be constrained
Fixed Elements (Independent elements from which other elements can be constrained from - normally the Sketcher Axes)
Symmetry Lines (If selected will cause Symmetry Constraints to be created between elements symmetrical to these lines - the symmetry lines themselves will not be constrained)
127
Auto-Constraints
1
Multi-Select the lines in this closed profile.
Select the Reference Elements Field then select the Vertical and Horizontal Axes
5
Click OK to create the Constraints
128
Animating Constraints
129
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Animating Constraints
1
2
Select the dimension you would like to vary
4
Press the Play button. Cancel when done
The Animate Constraint panel works like a tape-recorder panel. The user can play forward and backwards, rewind, or play in cyclic repeat mode.
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132
Well-Defined Under-Defined
Inconsistent
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Over-Defined
133
Select the Status you want to sort. In our example, we choose the OverDefined Status.
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136
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Originally a part of the Knowledgeware set of products, this functionality has been incorporated into the V5 infrastructure and is generally accessible from all Workbenches.
In CATIA V5, in addition to relationships between dimension values, dimensions can be made dependent on other parameters such as Forces, Temperature, Time, or Material Properties etc ...
138
Use the Contextual Menu (third mouse button) and drag down to Edit Formula
3
1) Select the 40 dimension 2) Type in + 3) Select the 10 dimension 4) Type in /2
When required, open ( and Close ) parentheses can be used to indicate the order of evaluation for the expression
To Sum Up ...
You have learned:
What Constraints are and what they are used for ...
And you have learned how to apply Constraints using: Quick Constraints Constraint Dialog Box Auto Constraint You have learned how to analyze a constrained system using: Animate Constraint and How to sort Sketches using their Solving Status How to establish a relation between Dimensions on a Sketch
Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 140
Managing Sketches
In this lesson you will see:
Creating Planes Replacing a Sketch Changing a Sketch Support Sketch Analysis Changing Body To Sum Up
141
Creating Planes
You will learn how to create Planes in 3D space to be used as sketching planes
Planes
142
Offset planes
Offset planes are used to help define the extrusion extent of a Sketch-Based feature
Angled planes
Angled Planes are used to define Sketch-Based features that are angled with respect to other features
Offset planes
Angled planes
143
Select the Plane Icon (Available from the WireFrame&Surfaces (WFS or the Generative Shape Design (GSD) Workbenches)
2
For Angle to Plane creation type, select edge as reference to rotate resulting plane about
The resulting plane (Plane.3) is 45deg to the face, rotated about the selected edge
Select the upper face as the reference plane to rotate from. A preview plane that can be dragged to a new location is shown
Select the Plane Icon (Available from the WireFrame & Surfaces (WFS) or the Generative Shape Design (GSD) Workbenches)
The offset distance from the reference face can be set by typing the value in the dialog or dragging the circular handle on the graphic screen
Different planes
146
Replacing a Sketch
You will learn how to replace a sketch used to support a Solid or a Surface element by a different one
147
148
Replacing a Sketch
3 1
Check which plane the original sketch lies on. You can use the Parent/Children analysis from the Contextual Menu (third mouse button on the sketch) if you like
Create the new sketch on the same plane (Note: although this is normally the case - it is not a requirement)
Right click on the original sketch and drag down to Replace. Click on your new sketch as the replacing sketch
149
150
151
Any Solid or Surface elements attached to the Sketch will be moved accordingly
152
Sketch Analysis
You will learn how to analyze sketches: geometry, projection and intersection. You will get either a global or an individual status, and you will be able to correct any problem
153
154
155
156
157
158
You can now see where the sketch is opened and you can correct it
159
160
Projection of 3d elements
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Additional Information
Different corrective actions can be done when analyzing a sketch:
Delete Geometry
162
Additional Information
Different corrective actions that can be done when analyzing a sketch:
Activate/Deactivate: When using this icon, the selected element (of the sketch) is no more taken into account when creating a sketch based feature, but the element still exists
Delete Geometry: When using this icon, the selected element is remove from the sketch
Replace 3d Geometry: When using this icon with a projected or intersecting element (intersection or projection with 3d objects), you can select another 3d element to modify the projection or the intersection
163
Change Body
You will learn how to move one sketch from a body to another one
164
165
Changing Body
You can move one sketch from a body to another one
Select the Change body command from the sketch contextual menu
Select the body in which you want to move the sketch, then select OK
You get:
166
To Sum Up ...
You have learned how to manage 2D sketches in 3D space by: Creating Planes in 3D and using tools such as: Replacing a Sketch Changing a Sketch Support Sketch Analysis
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