Environment

Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation
Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system

OZONE LAYER DEPLETION

Global Warming

Global Warming
Temperature relative to early 20th Century (Centigrade) +4.0 +2.0 Warmer

TODAY

0.0
-2.0

Ice Age
- 4.0 20

Colder
0

10 Thousands of years before present

Green house effect

THE WORLD IN 2050

(If no action is taken to reduce greenhouse gases)
Alps ski resorts closed because of lack of snow Mediterranean beaches disappear because of the sea-level rise The Sahara moves across the mediterranean to southern Spain and Sicily Water shortages in the middle east. The Nile delta disappears. One third of Bangladesh is threatened Forests (Canada, Russia, Amazon) are damaged by heat & drought Arctic ice melts, polar bears disappear The wheatbelt (US and Russia) moves north Storms threaten Florida and the southern US Maldives disappear

Environmental Issues Air Pollution

Acid Rain caused by burning fossil fuel which contains sulphur as a contaminant Particulates from vehicle exhausts

Low level ozone generation from the release hydrocarbons from industry and vehicles

Environmental Issues - Water Pollution

Nitrates from agriculture Discharges from factories into watercourses

Accidents involving chemicals

Run-off from mines and quarrying activities Landfill leachates

How The Poisons In The Air Affect The Human Health

Gas
Carbon Monoxide (Petrol vehicles mostly two/three wheeler) Sulphur Dioxide (Diesel exhaust, Factory emission) Oxides of Nitrogen (Vehicles and Power stations) Benzene (Catalytic converters of petrol vehicles) Lead (Petrol vehicles) Supended Particle Matter (Source: Factory emission and vehicle gases) Organochlorines (Treated effluent water from industries using chlorine e.g. paper, viscose rayon, PVC, organochlorine pesticides)

Effect

Reduces ability of blood to carry oxygen

Effects upper respiratory track Bronchial infections, Eye irritation

Lung cancer, Leu kaemia

Central nervous system, Hypertension Respiratory infections

Affect liver, kidney cancer etc.

Environmental Issues - Ecosystem Degradation

Huge engineering projects Irrigation and water resource schemes Resource degradation a major problem Deforestation causes soil erosion

Environmental Benefits of a Tree

Benefits from a tree of 50 tonnes over a period of 50 years (Excluding value of timber, fruits & flowers)

USD 30000

Benefits
Oxygen production Conservation of animal protein Control of soil erosion Recycling of water & control of humidity Shelter to birds, insects, etc. Control of air pollution

World forest statistics

Mynamar 68% Japan 62% Sweden 55.3% USA 33% India 20% (Ecological balance minimum 30%)