UHF 6033 DYNAMIC LEADERSHIP

LEADERSHIP TRAITS & ETHICS

LALITAMBIKA PALANEISAMY MP 131008

YOGESWARI VELMURUGAN MP 131009

Group Members

NURUL HUDA MASOD MP 111339

PUSPA DEVI DAVANDRAN

MP 131005

LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Knows the benefits of classifying personality traits. 2. Identify Big Five personality dimensions

TRAIT a distinguishing quality (as of personal character) MerriamWebmaster a distinguishing characteristic or quality, especially of ones personal nature Dictionary.com

Great Man Theory

Ideological theory that "great" leaders possess characteristics or traits not found in the rest of the population. belief that great leaders are not made but born with unique characteristics

Great Man Theory : Arguments Against the Great Man Theory of Leadership
Sociologist Herbert Spencer suggested that the leaders were products of the society in which they lived. genesis of a great man depends on the long series of complex influences which has produced the race in which he appears, and the social state into which that race has slowly grown, before he can remake his society, his society must make him."

PERSONALITY

the set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc., that makes a person different from other peopleMerriam-Webmaster A combination of traits that classifies an individuals behavior

Openness

Neuroticism

Openness = This trait features characteristics such as imagination and insight, and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests.

I have excellent ideas I have rich vocabulary I am not interested in abstractions I do not have good imagination

Conscientiousness = Common features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, with good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors. Those high in conscientiousness tend to be organized and mindful of details.

I am always prepared I pay attention to details I leave my belonging around I often forget to put things back in their right place

I feel comfortable around people I starts conversation

I dont talk a lot I dont like to draw attention to myself

Extraversion/ Surgency =This trait includes characteristics such as excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness.

Agreeableness = This personality dimension includes attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviors.
I have a soft heart I feels others emotion I insult people I dont have any interest to others

Neuroticism / Adjustment = Individuals high in this trait tend to experience emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability, and sadness.

I change my mood a lot I get stressed out easily

I am relaxed most of the time I seldom feel blue

Benefits of classifying personality traits

To understand peoples personality which affects their behavior, perceptions & attitudes To explain & predict others behaviors and job performance
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With all of these, why are many leaders unsuccessful?

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6 Major Reasons for Executive Derailment

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Universality traits effective leaders

of

Achievement Motivation Theory and Leader Profile

Dominance Sensitivity to Others

High Energy

Self-Confidence
Flexibility

9 Traits of Effective Leaders

Locus of Control * Internalizers *Externalizers

Intelligence * Intelligence Quotient *Emotional Quotient

Integrity

Stability

1940, McCelland developed Achievement Motivation Theory.

We have NEEDS and our needs motivate us to satisfy them.

The needs are based on personality and are developed as we interact with the environment.
Need for Achievement ,Need for Power , and Need for Affiliation

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

Excellence in accomplishments through

individual efforts.
Main character Ambitious/ task-centered Making plans to forge ahead

Attempting to reach a goal

NEED FOR POWER

Influencing others and seeking positions of authority. Control the situation Influence or control over others Enjoying competition in which they can

win
Willing to confront others

Seeking positions of authority and status

NEED FOR AFFILIATION

Developing, maintaining and restoring close personal relationships Want to have close interpersonal relationships Seek the approval of others, especially those about whom they care Like other people, want other people to like them, and want to be in the company of others

 set of traits that match up to the typical effective

leader

attempts to explain and predict leadership

success based on a persons need for achievement,

power, and affiliation

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Summary: Traits + Needs

Big Five Model of Personality Surgency Agreeableness Adjustment Conscientiousness Openness to experience Nine Traits of Effective Leaders Dominance Sensitivity to others Stability High energy Self-confidence Integrity Internal locus of control Intelligence Flexibility Achievement Motivation Theory and LMP Need for power Need for affiliation Socialized power (LMP) Need for achievement No separate need, included within other needs

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Identify similarities and differences among Theory X and Theory Y, The Pygmalion effect, and self-concept.

What are Theory X and Y?

What Kind of Leader are You?

Most people fit into one of two basic leadership styles Theory X or Theory Y. Although some people display traits of both, most people will fall strongly into one of these two management styles. Lets look at the basic philosophies of each

Theory X vs. Theory Theory X Managers believe: Y

The average person has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it when they can.

Because of their dislike for work, most people must be controlled and threatened before they will work hard.
The average person prefers to be directed, dislikes responsibility, and desires security above everything. The most effective way to manage people is through fear, threats and intimidation.

Theory X vs. Theory Y

Theory Y Managers believe:
The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play or rest. If a job is satisfying, then the result will be commitment to the organization.

The average person learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept, but to seek responsibility.
decision making process.

The most effective way to manage people is through high expectations, positive reinforcement, and employee involvement in the decision making process.

Theory X vs. Theory Y

STATED SIMPLY:

Theory X managers make people do things.

Theory Y managers make people want to do things. Motivated employees who like and want to do their job will always perform at a higher level than employees who do the job because they are forced to.

Theory X vs Theory Y Management

All managers are either Theory X or Theory Y managers and, again, some display characteristics of each. By better understanding this technique, managers can begin to discard bad Theory X habits and more successfully channel their energies into being effective Theory Y managers.

WHAT IS the PYGMALION EFFECT?

Pygmalion Effect
Managers expectations and attitudes toward employees - Affect employees: - Behaviour - Performance In Business: Objectives + standards = Expectations

Pygmalion Management
The Pygmalion Effect:
Every manager has expectations of the people that report to them. Managers communicate those expectations consciously or unconsciously. Subordinates pick up on these expectations from their manager. Subordinates perform in ways that are consistent with the expectations.

Pygmalion Management
ALL managers practice the Pygmalion Effect.
Successful managers understand the effect, and channel it in a positive way. The key is what you expect and believe an employee is capable of. Pygmalion is a very well known, highly documented and proven management technique that gets results!

Pygmalion Management
Stated simply, your expectations of the people that report to you dictates how you treat them and ultimately, how they perform. If you truly and sincerely believe an employee is going to be a superstar, they will be! Because that is the way youll treat them. But on the other hand, if you truly and sincerely believe they will be a failure, they will be for the same reason.

Simple Steps in becoming a Great Leader

Teach! Share your Knowledge Be POSITIVE attitude is EVERYTHING! Get to know your people show a personal interest in them. Be a Role Model set the example Honesty & integrity = loyalty & respect Show them you CARE about their Career take ownership! Be connected to the pulse of your people and your business. Be flexible adapt / adjust your leadership style PRAISE and RECOGNIZE at every opportunity. Be a Pygmalion Manager believe in your people!

Lou Holtz

two kinds of leaders: 1. optimists and lift others up 2. those who pull everybody down

Self-Concept
refers to the positive or negative attitudes people have about themselves +ve about yourself = +ve self-confidence trait Self-efficacy - belief in your own capability to perform in a specific situation. Believe can be successful = selfconfidence

How to develop positive selfconcept

Change ve attitude to +ve Avoid ve people Set & Achieve goals Focus on success Stop Comparing

How attitudes develop leadership styles

Theory Y Attitudes Theory X Attitudes

Positive Self-concept gives and accepts positive feedback Expects others to succeed
Lets others do the job their way. afraid to make decisions

bossy, and impatient

Critical autocratic.

Negative Selfconcept

Blames others Promotes a

LEARNING OUTCOMES Three levels of moral development Stakeholder approach to ethics

He employed non-violent principles and peaceful disobedience. He became a leader of India's independence movement. He is known as Father of the Nation.

 He was, by far, one of the most powerful and greatest Presidents' that America has ever witnessed. His sheer determination and honest effort that led him to the nation's highest office. His nicknamed 'Honest Abe.

Abraham Lincoln

 He helped in founding the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) in 1944. He is an amazing man who changed history in South Africa and brought democracy to the nation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Nelson Mandela

 What are ethics?

Why do you think ethics are important for a leader?
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ETHICS
a set of moral principles: a theory or system of moral values - Merriam-Webster Ethics are the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior

Ethics
There are moral absolutes

Business ethics are always suspected

People set the ethical standards, not organizations

Integrity is essential in leadership

Dignity and respectfulness Serving others
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Justices

Does Ethical Behaviour Pay?

Generally, the answer is yes. Research studies have reported a positive relationship between ethical behaviour and leadership effectiveness. Values and ethics are essential to running a successful business.

Integrity is an important leadership trait

Ethics and trust are part of integrity

Ethics and Integrity

Leaders who are ethical demonstrate a level of integrity that is important s important for followers to accept the vision of the leader

Must start within the organization

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How Personality Traits, Attitudes and Moral Development Affect Ethical Behaviour

Traits, Attitudes, and Ethics

Our ethical behaviour is related to our individual needs and personality traits Ethics related to need and traits Unethical behavior more likely Emotionally unstable External locus of control
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Moral Development and Ethics

Understanding right from wrong and choosing to do the right thing. There are three levels of personal moral development
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THREE LEVELS
LEVEL 3 Post-conventional Based on moral principles regardless of leader or group ethics Based on expectations of others

LEVEL 2 Conventional

LEVEL 1 Pre-conventional

Based on self-interests (reward and punishment)

HOW PEOPLE JUSTIFY UNETHICAL BEHAVIOUR

When we use unethical behaviour, we often justify the behaviour to protect our selfconcept so that we dont have a guilty conscience or feel remorse.

Moral Justification Euphemistic Labelling Displacement of Responsibility

Attribution of Blame

Justification for Unethical Behavior

Diffusion responsibility

Disregarding or Distorting Consequence

Advantageous comparison

Displacement of Responsibility
This reasoning is the process of blaming one's behaviour on other people.
When someone is caught with drugs they blame their bad home life or the people they hang out with. The person doesn't see their own culpability therefore they can't change what is in them that is causing their downfall.

Diffusion of Responsibility
Responsibility is where individuals justify their actions utilizing group behaviour where no one person is responsible.

Everyone cheat in examination. That is just the way we pass this subject.

In this situation, peer pressure and group-think are motivators to reinforce the unethical behaviour

Advantageous comparison
Individuals using advantageous comparison are comparing themselves to others who are worse.

Damaging some property is no big deal when you consider that others are beating people up.

Disregarding or Distorting Consequence

Minimizing the harm created by unethical actions is known as disregard of consequences.
"I'm not going to get caught if I inflate our earnings just a bit, and no one will be hurt anyway. And even if I do get caught, I'll only get a slap on the wrist. So why not go for it?".

Attribution of Blame
essentially claiming that your unethical behaviour was caused by someone else's actions. It is your fault that we late attend the class. You invite me play, so I had to play to make you enjoy.

The Golden Rule

"Do unto others as you want them to do unto you. Meaning that
"Treat people how you want to be treated."
"Do not do anything to another person that you would not want done to you.

The Four-Way Test

- Rotary International developed the four-way test of the things we think and do to guide business transactions.
Is it the truth? Is it fair to all concerned? Will it build good will and better friendship? Will it be beneficial to all concerned?

if you can answer "Yes" to the following four questions, it is probably ethical

Stakeholder Approaches
The stakeholder approach is a response to the growth and complexity of understanding and study of the modern corporation and its influence on the environment.
Under the stakeholder approach to ethics, the leader (or follower) creates a WIN-WIN situation for relevant parties affected by the decision.

For example, If you are proud to tell relevant stakeholders your decision, it is probably ethical. If you are not proud to tell others your decision, or you keep justifying it, the decision may not be ethical. Create WIN-WIN situation for everyone by which cooperation, compromise, understanding , or agree to act in both their own interest

Being an Ethical Leader

Ethical leadership requires couragethe ability to do the right thing at the risk of rejection and loss. Here are a few ways you can find courage to do the right thing: Focus on a higher purpose. Draw strength from others. Take risks without fear of failure. Use your frustration and anger for good.

SITUATION:
FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WAS HIT BY TSUNAMI ON 11 MARCH 2011, RESULTING IN A MELTDOWN OF THREE OF THE PLANTS SIX NUCLEAR REACTORS. IF YOU WERE THE LEADER IN THAT SITUATION, HOW DO YOU OVERCOME THE CRISIS?

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