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Lecture 2 Epithelia
What is a tissue?
A collection of cells that have similar functions and morphologies
Functions of Epithelia
Covering and lining surfaces (skin) Absorption (intestine) Secretion (glands of skin & GI tract) Sensation (taste buds, olfactory epith.) Contractility (myoepithelium of glands)
2 main types of basement membrane A: 2 adjacent epithelial layers B: epithelium adjacent to connective tissue matrix
Stereocilia
epididymis, hair cells of organ of Corti
Types of Epithelia
Covering epithelia Glandular epithelia
Stratified
more than one layer of cells
Simple cuboidal
kidney tubules, thyroid follicle, serosa of some organs
Simple columnar
small intestine, colon, stomach
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified cuboidal
Sweat gland duct
Stratified columnar
Conjunctiva, duct of pancreas
Transitional epithelium
Urinary bladder
Pseudostratified epithelium
Respiratory tract, nasal/olfactory epithelia
Specialized Epithelia
Neuroepithelium - taste buds, organ of Corti, olfactory epithelium Myoepithelium - secretory glands such as salivary glands, sweat glands and mammary gland
Glandular Epithelia
Pancreas, adrenal medulla, sebaceous glands, salivary glands, mammary glands Sweat glands (little synthetic activity; transfer of molecules and ions from blood)
Examples of Glands
Individual glandular cells = respiratory tract and digestive tract goblet cells; endocrine cells of gut Simple tubular = stomach epithelium Simple coiled tubular = merocrine sweat gland Simple branched tubular = stomach epithelium Simple branched acinar = sebaceous gland Compound tubuloacinar = submandibular gland, sublingual gland Compound acinar gland = exocrine pancreas, parotid gland Compound tubular gland = some types of salivary glands Simple glands = one, unbranched duct Compound glands = branched ducts
Types of Secretion
Merocrine: membrane-bound granules by
exocytosis; pancreas, salivary glands
Lamina Propria
Area of connective tissue and vasculature underlying epithelium Separated from epithelium by basal lamina
Myoepithelial Cell
Stellate/spindle shaped Base of acinar and duct cells in glands Contain actin/myosin; contractile