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Global Governance increased..nature of working quality of work life, .. Better products.. Eco-friendly products n processes.., International agreements,.. Energy rating.. Certifications.. Standardisation of practices.. Sharing industry practices etc.
Business
3- Sector World
Civil Society
Government
Responsibilities of Businesses
Ethical Responsibility
Discretionary Responsibility
Definitions of CSR
World Business Council for Sustainable Development: The continuing commitment of business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving quality of life of their workforce and their families as well as the local community, and society at large.. Sethi ( 1975) CSR can be defined as bringing corporate behaviour up to a level where it is congruent with the prevailing norms, values and expectations of performance.
Companies are required to define its values and principles it stands for, its magnetic north that help the company to steadfast on their ethical journey.
Keith Davis ( 1960) The mere consideration of social issues/ wants/ needs by organisational decision makers is sufficient to be considered as corporate social responsibility
Archie Carroll: ( four stages) Beyond economic and legal responsibilities lie ethical responsibilities, which are additional behaviours and activities that are not necessarily codified into law but nevertheless are expected of business by society members. Carroll introduced a model where economic, ethical, legal and discretionary goals are integrated. And introduced corporate social performance concept.
2. Focusing on CSR as an integral part of business strategy. 3. Third generation of CSR is expected to make significant contribution to address issues such as poverty, environmental degradation, education, etc.
Accountability ( CED 1971 reports ) : Inner circle : Basic responsibility for efficient execution of econommic function- product, jobs, and growth. Intermediate circle: Responsibility to exercise this economic function with sensitive awarenss of social values and priorities. ( employees, customers expectations) Outer Circle: More broader involvement in actively improving the social environment. ( impact on public policy ).
Sustainability :
Extended set of expectations. Consideration of diverse issues and social system. Improvement is required not only in techniques and operations of the organisation but in the way they think and act are required. Consideration of Social , economic, environmental and political changes in decision making and expanding operations.
Social Contract:
Social contract between business and society in which it operates. Going beyond philanthropy.