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Aerodynamics, from Greek aer (air) + (dynamics), is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air , particularly when it interacts with a solid object.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Drag
Thrust Weight
Lift
DRAG
Aerodynamic force that resists the motion of an object
THRUST
Thrust can be the force produce in opposite direction to drag that is higher than that of drag so
that the body can move through the fluid. Cars create thrust using engines. If drag increases and/or thrust decreases the car will slow down.
Thrust Continued.
WEIGHT
It is actually just the weight of the object that is in
motion. i.e. the mass of the object multiplied by the magnitude of gravitational field.
This weight has a significant effect on the acceleration
of the object.
LIFT
A fluid flowing past the surface of a body exerts a force on it.
Lift is the component of this force that is perpendicular to
Drag coefficient
Drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: cd) is
a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water. lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area.
component in the direction of the flow velocity is the mass density of the fluid v is the speed of the object relative to the fluid and A is the reference area.
Aerodynamics In Cars
around the front of the car As millions of air molecules approach the front grill of the car, they begin to compress, and in doing so raise the air pressure in front of the car Improvements at the front can be made by ensuring the front end is made as a smooth, continuous curve originating from the line of the front bumper
FRONT END
a low drag force will be able to accelerate and travel faster than one with a high drag force.
This means a smaller engine is required to drive such a
REAR END
Rear vacuum is caused by the "hole left in the air as
the car passes through it, the space directly behind the bus is "empty" or like a vacuum. The air molecules attempt to fill in to this area but the car is always one step ahead, and as a result, a continuous vacuum sucks in the opposite direction of the bus This inability to fill the hole left by the bus is technically called Flow detachment .
REAR END
Tapering the rear in plan view, usually from the rear
LIFT OR DOWNFORCE
Down force is the same as the lift, only it acts to press
SOFTWARES
Introduction of computational fluid dynamics i.e. the
use of computers to analyze fluid flows where the entire area is divided in to grids and each grid is analyzed and suitable algorithms are developed to solve the equations of motion. Based on CFD large number of softwares are developed for the design and analyzing aerodynamics commonly used softwares are ANSYS,CATIA.
CONCLUSION
From the contour map of the static pressure it is
observed that the body experience high positive pressure at front end while negative pressure at rear end.