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1 2
k
1
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Mutual inductance
Formula for mutual inductance
LM k L1 L2 ,
LM
k 1
L1 L2
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
The basic transformer
Transformer
Primary winding
Secondary winding
Core: air, ferrite and iron
Air-core and ferrite-core
transformers
High-frequency applications
Iron-core transformers
Audio frequency
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
The basic transformer
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
The basic transformer
Turn ratio
N sec
n
N pri
Direction of winding
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Step-up/step-down transformers
The ratio of secondary
voltage to primary voltage is Vsec N sec
equal to the ratio of the
number of turns in the V pri N pri
secondary winding to the
number of turns in the
primary winding
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Loading the secondary winding
Primary power equals load
power
Ppri V pri I pri I sec I sec
Psec Vsec I sec I pri I pri
Psec V pri I pri Ppri
Reflected load
Reflected resistance
2
N pri
R pri RL
N sec
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Loading the secondary winding
Transformer-coupled load
resistor of 100
Reflected resistance?
Reflected resistance with
600 RL?
The primary winding is 40
turns and the secondary
winding is 1000 turns.
Reflected resistance?
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Matching the load and source
resistance
Power transfer from a
nominal voltage source to a
load
Impedance matching with
reflected resistance
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Matching the load and source
resistance
Load matched to a source by transformer coupling for maximum
power transfer
75 source and 300 load
An amplifier with 800 internal resistance is going to be connected to
an 8 speaker. Turn ratio?
N sec RL
n
N pri R pri
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
As an isolation device
DC isolation
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
As an isolation device
Power line isolation
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Nonideal transformer characteristics
Winding resistance
Flux leakage
Reduced secondary voltage
Winding capacitance
Power rating
Apparent power rating
Efficiency P
out 100%
Pin
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Other types of transformers
Center-tapped transformer
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Other types of transformers
Tapped transformers
Impedance matching
transformers
Multi-winding transformers
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
Other types of transformers
Voltages of the
secondary windings?
Autotransformers
One winding serves
both the primary
and the secondary
Stepping up and
down
No electrical
isolation
Smaller and lighter
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
DC power supply
Basic
transformer-
coupled DC
power supply
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr
DC power supply
Use of center-tapped transformer
Regulated DC power supply
Design project
Regulated DC power supply
SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr