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Gases
Overview
• Assume atomic picture of gases
– Simpler than solids/liquids, as interactions
can be neglected
• Predict behavior
– E.g., relations between P and V, P and T…
• Test in lab experiments
Basic Picture
• Gas consists of noninteracting particles
• They move around randomly
• Temperature corresponds to (average)
speed of particles
– Hotter ↔ faster
• Pressure a manifestation of collisions
with container walls
Basic Processes
• Thermal expansion
• Evaporation
– A cooling process
• Dissolving solids in liquids
• Reaction rates
• …
More on Temperature
• Prediction of kinetic theory:
1 2 3
mv = k BT
2 2
v is the average speed
T is the temperature (in Kelvins)
m is the mass of a gas particle
kB is Boltzmann’s constant
• Note that
T ∝v 2
More on Pressure
Weight W