Protection Application Handbook

Setting of Protection o/c & e/f relays

ABB Group - 1 25-Apr-14

 ABB Group - 2 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection

Setting of Protection
Phase Overcurrent Protections

Selectivity
Time

Fault current

ABB Group - 3 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Phase Overcurrent Protections

Pick-up and reset

I I I st

The relay does not reset

reset

ABB Group - 4 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Overcurrent relays

Current selectivity

Possible when impedance in between is substantial

Time selectivity

Time starts adding and trip times will be very long

ABB Group - 5 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Short circuit protection
Current setting shall be

Higher than maximum load current

Shall be lower than minimum fault current Margin to load to be set considering reset ratio

ABB Group - 6 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Instantaneous stage for transformer
Setting shall be

Higher than maximum inrush current

Should not reach > 80% of transformer Complement to diff relay and buchholz

protection

ABB Group - 7 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Directional short circuit protection
Directional current relay shall have 60 degrees
angle lagging

ABB Group - 8 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Margin to equipment capacity

Tripping should be before reaching thermal capacity of the object

ABB Group - 9 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Earth fault relays in solidly earthed systems

ABB Group - 10 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Time setting of inverse type relays

ABB Group - 11 25-Apr-14

Margin 100-150 ms for short circuit protection 150-200 ms for earth fault relays

Setting of Protection
Network for selectivity plan

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Setting of Protection
Information required for selectivity plan

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System diagram
Maximum short circuit currents Minimum short circuit currents Maximum service currents Inrush currents for transformers, motors Relay characteristics Breaker characteristics

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Setting of Protection

Setting of Protection
Phase and Ground over current protections

The phase over current protection offers both circuit local back-up protection and remote back-up protection for multi phase faults. They also offer protection for many faults involving ground if fault current is high enough to allow relay operation.

ABB Group - 15 25-Apr-14

To cater to low current ground faults as a result of high ground fault resistance the ground over current protections are applied. They might also be applied, as main protection for high resistance faults where main protection does not offer required coverage.

Setting of Protection
Phase over current protections

Settings

The protection must not operate for highest load current during both normal and abnormal power system operation. The protection must operate for multiphase faults on the entire circuit under minimum plant conditions i.e. lowest fault current. The protection should not operate before the main protection of the protected circuit The protection must not operate before the circuit local backup protection clears a fault in an adjacent circuit.

ABB Group - 16 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Ground over current protections

Settings

The ground over current threshold should be set to ensure detection of all ground faults, but above any continuous residual current under normal system operation. Continuous residual current may arise because of

Unbalanced series impedances of un transposed transmission circuits Unbalanced shunt capacitance of transmission circuits Third harmonic current circulation.

ABB Group - 17 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Directional Over current relays-radial feeders

ABB Group - 18 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection
Directional over current relays

ABB Group - 19 25-Apr-14

 ABB Group - 20 25-Apr-14

Setting of Protection