CMPAK Week 48 Network Optimization Update Report

Radio Frequency Planning and Optimization Field

ADVANTAGES Very interesting Highest paid jobs in Telecom Industry High Demand and Less Saturation White Choler job Common Concepts therefore No Hardware compatibility Issue

DISADVANTAGES Continuous Learning Required Complex Logical Concepts High Responsibility Matrix

Network Planning and Optimization Training Workshops

Module 1: Introduction to GSM Network Planning and Optimization Duration: 1 days Eligibility: None GSM Network Architecture Air Interface Channels Radio Interface structures Key Performance Indicator Basic Call Flows Basic Wireless Concepts GPRS and EDGGE Concepts Module 2: Advanced Concepts in Network Module 3: Network Planning and Optimization Planning and Optimization Tools Duration: 1days Eligibility: Module 1 Call Flow Signaling Handover Signaling Flow Idle and Dedicated mode Behaviors Traffic Optimization cases Handover Algorithms Power Control Algorithms Key Performance Indicator Analysis Duration: 1 days Eligibility: Module 2 MapInfo basics Frequency planning tools Neighbor plan audit tools Site planning Coverage and capacity analysis tools Implications of Google Earth as tool

Module 4 : Network Analysis and Monitoring Tool Development Duration: 1 days Eligibility: Module 3 Role of Database in Network planning and Optimization Development of efficient database system Network Monitoring tool development Radio Interface Optimization tool development

Module 5 : Drive Test workshop

Duration: 1 days Eligibility: Module 4 Drive test Basics Signaling flow analysis in drive test(System Info) Parameter monitoring in Drive test Log File analysis and reporting Packet mode drive test Protocol Layer analysis in Drive test

Module 6: Career Development

Duration: 1 days Eligibility: All modules Introduction to 3G Technology. CV Writing Skills. Interview Secrets. Tea Session with Telecom professionals. Career Opportunities. (Internships and Job Opportunities) Visit to Telecom towers for practical demonstrations.

GSM BASIC STRUCTURE

MS BTS BSC MSC PSTN

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)

FDMA Traffic channels are assigned to different users at different frequency band, such as TACS, AMPS

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

TDMA Traffic channels are assigned to different users at different time, such as GSM, DAMPS.

Wireless Multiple Access Methods

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

CDMA Traffic channels are assigned to users at same time, same frequency band, but with different code.

SITE SECTORIZATION
MICRO CELLS
Omnidirectional Antennas are used Used for indoor coverage like in Buildings

MACRO CELLS
Directional Antennas are used Used for overall coverage of the Network

D
R

Omni site

STSR 65 , three sectors

COVERAGE PATTERNS

Theoretical Planned Coverage

Actual Coverage

FREQUENCY REUSE
Standard GSM has a total of 124 frequencies available for use in a network. Most network providers are unlikely to be able to use all of these frequencies and are generally allocated a small subset of the 124.

4 Site/3 Cell

3 Site/3 Cell

FREQUENCY REUSE 4 Site/3 Cell

MS Modes

Off Mode

Selection

When mobile Switched on, it selects network to camp on

Idle Mode Dedicated Mode Packet Mode

Reselection

When Mobile moves from one Cell Coverage to another cell in idle mode , Cell reselection occurs When Mobile moves from one Cell Coverage to another cell in dedicated mode , Handover occurs When Mobile moves from one Cell Coverage to another cell in packet mode , Handover occurs

Handover (TCH to TCH) Handover (PDCCH to PDCCH)

HANDOVER CONCEPT

RHO_in>RHO_out lead to Pingpong HO HO

Neighbor Planning
What is Neighbor?

Tier 1 Neighbors (Immediate Neighbors) Tier 2 Neighbors (Not compulsory but they are added for precautions

illogical Neighbor Plan

Logical Neighbor Plan

Frequency Audit
What is Interference?

Co Channel Interference Adjacent Channel Interference

Bad Neighbor Plan

Efficient Neighbor Plan

RADIO CHANNELS

Channels

Physical Channels Time Slot

Logical Channels
Mapping on Time Slot

Traffic Channels Channel

Control Channels

Half Rate TCH Channel

UL/DL

Full Rate TCH Channel

UL/DL

CONTROL CHANNELS
Control Channel

Broadcast Control Chanel

Common Control Channel

Dedicated Control Channel

Broadcast Control Channel

Dedicated Control Channel

Common Control Channel

BCCH SCH FCH

PCH RACH AGCH

SDCCH FACCH SACCH

RADIO CHANNELS

Search for frequency correction burst Search for synchronization sequence Read system information Listen paging message Send access burst Wait for signaling channel allocation Call setup Assign traffic channel Conversation Call release

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH SDCCH SDCCH TCH FACCH

CALL FLOW
Type Of calls

MOC

MTC

STEP 1

Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH Assignment Alerting/Connection

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

CALL FLOW STEP1 RADIO LINK ESTABLISHMENT

T3113 T3101 7 Sec 3 Sec

CALL FLOW SDCCH PHASE

CALL FLOW TCH ASSIGNMENT

CALL FLOW ALERTING / CNX PHASE

ANTENNA

An Antenna is any device used to collect or radiate Electromagnetic Waves

Type GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM Dual Band

Frequency Range 890 1710 890 1710 960 MHz 1880 MHz 960 MHz 1880 MHz

ANTENNA BEAMWIDTH

3dB Beamwidth Peak - 3dB

10dB Beamwidth
Peak - 10dB 120 (eg) Peak Peak - 10dB

60 (eg)

Peak

Peak - 3dB

ANTENNA Omni---Directional

Directional Antenna65/90/105/120 Omni360

Omni-directional

Directional

MECHANICAL DOWNTILT

It is achieved by physically tilting the antenna out of the perpendicular by using down tilt kit PROS: Cost efficient and flexible CON: Has no effect on the sidelobe characteristics of the antenna

ELECTRICAL DOWNTILT

Electrical Downtilt can be fixed or adjustable Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer Adjustable allows adjustment in a certain level on the rear of the antenna

DOWNTILT COMPARISON

Non Down tilt

Electronic Downtilt

Mechanical Downtilt

ANTENNA SELECTION
Environment BeamWidth Direction Down Tilt Environment Features

City

60-65

Fixed electrical tilt Directional antenna down

Densely deployed BTSSmall coverage area High Traffic, Increase frequency reuse factor

Sub Urban

90105

Directional antenna Mechanical tilt down

Loosely deployed BTS light traffic, large coverage

High Way

30

Directional antenna

No Down Tilt

Low traffic Fast moving subscribers Focus on coverage. Strip coverage Two sectors Omni-cell when pass towns or tourist site

Depends Omni or directional Mountainous Upon Terrain

Depends Upon Terrain

Block by mountains Big propagation loss Difficult to cover

Statistical Data: KPI

Key Performance Index

Performance Counters Timers Worst Cells

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
ACCESSIBILITY RETAINABILITY

CSSR IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT RATE TCH ASSIGNMENT RATE CALL DROP RATE (INCLUDE HO) CALL DROP RATE (EXCLUDE HO) HO SUCCESS RATE TCH CONGESTION RX QUALITY UL RX QUALITY DL PSR UL / DL BALANCE SDCCH CONGESTION RATE NETWORK COVERAGE

QUALITY

Statistical Data: KPI FORMULAS

Statistical Data: KPI TREND SAMPLE

GoS KPIs are degraded due to increase in TCH Traffic after LBC Launch. Expansion is pending on Cell ID 14012,14016,14881 and 24006 in Faisalabad City EID Fitar2011: increase in traffic caused increase in Blocking EID AZHA 2011: increase in traffic caused increase in Blocking

Traffic rise

Slight degradation in GoS SDCCH due to fluctuations after rain.

Statistical Data: KPI TREND SAMPLE

DCR was further degraded due to increase in No of Call Drops due to Equipment failures and Abis drops, on 10 cells. Issue was resolved later

Degradation in DCR was due to fluctuations in Faisalabad City after rain

EID 2011 Increase in traffic caused increase in DCR. DCR was increased due to increase in hardware Issues and reversion of T305 and T308

DCR was decreased due to Implementation of trial for T305 and T308 After reducing the TRXs Power to default value, improvement in all KPIs was observed due to decrease in interference. Total No of drops reduce but due to decrease in Ho attempts almost 8% of the total and DCR increased slight .

Ramadan Traffic Increase & Monsoon (Fluctuations/Outages/ Ducting) caused major increase in DCR

Fluctuations and hardware issues caused increase in DCR. DCR degraded due to External Interference caused by Jammer installed in IGBE and PAF base. Increase in TCH Traffic has also caused degradation in DCR.

Drive Test
Drive in Car with Testing Equipment Tems Downlink Only Real time Network Performance Picture Customer Complains PRE Rx Level Sub

DT KPIs
Rx Level ((Idle /Dedicated mode) TA (dedicated Mode) Rx Quality(dedicated Mode) SQI (dedicated Mode) MOS (dedicated Mode)

Post Rx Level Sub

TEMS SNAPSHOT

BAND COMPARISON GSM 900

GSM 1800

Low Propagation Loss High Penetration Loss More Coverage, Less Quality GSM 900 has less channels Better in rural area where a lot of area is required to be covered.

High Propagation Loss Low Penetration Loss Less Coverage, More Quality GSM 1800 can occupy more users with in less range as compared to GSM 900. Better in densely populated area like cities and urban environment.

SERVICE AND BEARER TYPES

Channel Type CS 12.2K CS 64K PS 64K

Supporting Services Voice Video Phone Email, Web

PS 384K HSPA

Email, Web ,Video Streaming, Mobil TV Best Effort service

Major differences between UMTS and GSM technologies and network planning

UMTS
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Carrier bandwidth 5MHz Soft capacity Soft handover and fast power control Self-interfering system, the key lying in interference control Cell respiration effect, avoiding mixedBTS-distribution networking Usually uplink-limited coverage CS and high-speed PS services available

GSM GSM
FDMA + TDMA Carrier bandwidth 200KHz Hard capacity No soft handover or fast power control Relatively easy interference control Mixed-BTS-distribution networking to boost capacity Cell radius determined by link budget of balanced uplink and downlink CS and low-speed PS services

RF TOOLS AND AUTOMATION

RF Tools & Automation: No process can survive for longer term is executed on manual basis. Large-scale projects require automation of recursive and repetitive tasks and manually handling is highly discouraged. Similar approach is adopted in ZTE and RF performance and auditing tools have been established to automate periodic tasks and reduce wastage of man power and hence in turn improve time and resource efficiency.

Our Project is to develop an intelligent and integrated platform for monitoring and optimizing wireless Network performance

TOOL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

Raw Excel data

Automated Reports and Exports

SQl Server

Optimization Activities

Monitoring Process

Problem Identifications

Idea is to develop interface on C# and Database in SQL Server 2010. But we can change it if required.

FUNCTIONS
1. Import KPI (Key Performance Data Index) of Multi Vendors e-g ZTE, Huawei, NSN Export Network Level KPI Stats by merging Multi-Vendor data on different Levels a. Hourly KPIS b. Day Average KPIs with Customize Hours c. Static Busy Hour KPIs d. Bouncing Busy Hour KPIs 2. Graphical Display of KPIs on all Level at all possible time intervals. 3. Worst Cell Calculation on customize time level at customize time Interval 4. Site Info Database 5. Import Parameter from Raw form 6. Parameter Discrepancy Audits from Parameter Database 7. Neighbor Relation Discrepancies 8. Hardware Trouble Tickets Database 9. Import Alarms Raw data and Generate useful User-friendly Report. 10. Customized Alarm Reports 11. Customized KPI Reports