Parameter optimization of SWMM for Runoff Quantity and Quality Calculation in a Eutrophic Lake Watershed Using a Genetic Algorithm

Presented by : Oktarian Wisnu Lusantono 14143701

Background
In the recent years, several lagoons in the east coast area of Korea polluted by diffuse pollutant Purpose of this study is for improving Youngrang Lake water quality, thus it is necessary estimate the diffuse pollution load from it watershed This study using SWMM (Huber and Dickinson,1988; Tsihrintzis and Hamid,1998) integrated with genetic algorithm (GA) (Goldberg,1989; Gen and Cheng,1997; Cho et al.,2004)

Methods
SWMM has various blocks, in this study runoff block was used to calculate the runoff flow and diffuse pollution loads in Jangcheon watershed Transport block in SWMM was used to calculate the transport of runoff flow and diffuse pollution loads in the channel Calibration for SWMM using manual and automatic integrated with GA for optimizing SWMM parameters.

Study Flowchart
- Parameters setting for the genetic operation - Observed runoff quantity and quality data input - Generate random individuals of the initial generation - Parents selection according to the fitness - Offsprings production by crossover and mutation

- Runoff quantity and quality calculation using SWMM - Evaluation of fitness level by SSQ from observed and calculated values

No

Complete of a new generation

No

Yes

The new generation satisfies termination criteria?

Yes

Determination of optimum parameters of SWMM

Data

Figure 1. The Yeongrang Lake Watershed (4.7 km2) Remarks : Arable land 16.5% Forest 67.7% Residental area 3.1% Residental area 12.6%

Table 1. Surveyed Rainfall Events (2005)

Rainfall Event 05 1 Date June 30 Precipitation (mm) 19.6 Duration (hr) 5 Dry day prior to storm 3.2

05 2
05 3 05 4

July 8
July 28 August 24

46
29 96.2

18
12.5 28.2

3.2
14.7 2.8

Figure 2. Subcathcments and Channel Network for SWMM

Result and Discussion

Table 2. Ranges of SWMM Parameters Determined from GA and SWMM

Parameters Impervious area Mannings roughness

Pervious area Mannings roughness Max infiltration rate Min infiltration rate Impervious depression storage Pervious depression storage Channel roughness coefficient Buildup exponent Buildup coefficient Washoff exponent Washoff coefficient

Ranges 0.001 ~ 0.013

0.13 ~ 0.51 87.1 ~ 162.0 mm/hr 3.2 ~ 17.8 mm/hr 0.19 ~ 0.72 mm 0.50 ~ 1.49 mm 0.11 ~ 0.2 0.13 ~ 1.11 0.001 ~ 7.71 0.16 ~ 9.83 1.0 ~ 19.6

Table 3. Monthly Average Pollution Loads Discharged from the Jangcheon Watershed
Month January February March

Diffuse pollution loads (kg/year)

BOD (kg) 910 COD (kg) 3885 SS (kg) 33847 TP (kg) 23.7

582
552 674 850 1117

3416
3282 3883 4318 4657

7018
2181 13472 23269 47015

18.5
16.6 23.8 30.0 32.9

April
May June Juli August

2060
2467 2440 871 932 636 1.41 x 104

11937
14012 9166 4424 4085 3675 7.07 x 104

170673
267134 225621 42524 45640 6952 8.85 x 105

151.6
199.3 101.8 29.0 29.2 20.9 6.78 x 102

September
October November December Total

Table 4. Yearly Average Pollution Loads at Each Subcatchment

Subcatchment 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Diffuse pollution loads (kg/year) BOD (kg) 1.47 x 103 2.76 x 103 2.95 x 103 1.84 x 103 1.79x 103 3.29x 103 1.41 x 104 COD (kg) 6.73 x 103 1.35 x 104 1.46 x 104 7.84 x 104 1.24 x 104 1.57 x 104 7.07 x 104 SS (kg) 9.62 x 103 5.29 x 104 3.99 x 104 4.67 x 104 1.44 x 104 2.33 x 104 8.85 x 105 TP (kg) 3.85 x 101 1.31x 102 1.76 x 102 7.12 x 101 1.24 x 102 1.37 x 102 6.78 x 102

Figure 3. Calibration Result of runoff flow using GA

Figure 4. Calibration Result of BOD using GA

Figure 5. Calibration Result of COD using GA

Figure 6. Calibration Result of SS using GA

Figure 7. Calibration Result of TP using GA

Conclusion
Automatic calibration method for SWMM was applied in the Jangcheon of Youngrang Lake Watershed, the calibration using GA From SWMM continuous simulation over 5 years, pollution loads in the summer season considerably larger than the other seasons. Residential and agricultural area estimated have pollution loads larger than the other sub-catchments area

Thank you