History of Online Journalism: September 25, 2013 Tim Currie - @tscurrie

JOUR 5121: HISTORY & ETHICS OF JOURNALISM
History of Online Journalism

September 25, 2013 Tim Currie | @tscurrie
Download this presentation: slideshare.net/tscurrie/history-of-online-journalism
Some themes borrowed from David Carlson, University of Florida
1963
Ted Nelson, Harvard sociology student Formulates the concept of hypertext
TED NELSON / HYPERLAND.COM
1965
Nelson, now a sociology prof at Vassar College in upstate New York Gives a lecture which is covered in the student newspaper. The first print reference of hypertext appears, Feb. 3, 1965
3
1969
ARPANET computer network created by the U.S. Defense Department Goal: Design a computer network to withstand nuclear attack Decentralized system created under the basic assumption that parts of the network will fail Lays the foundation for the Internet as a medium that is controlled by no single entity
1971
BBC patents a new technology Teletext: A loop of pages broadcast on TV
Not interactive, slow

Service is limited to a few hundred available pages Slow
5
1974
The British Post Offices Research Laboratory demonstrates the first Videotext service Its truly interactive, supporting two-way communication You use your TV, hooked up to cable and a phone line You make entries using a keyboard, dedicated terminal or computer Better graphics than teletext; even photo display.
1974
Snapshot: Three competing technologies
Teletext
Not interactive Slow But all you need is a TV and a decoder box
Videotext
Interactive You need cable TV and an expensive subscription
Computers
Interactive Very expensive Poorly networked Almost no one has one
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1975
Canada begins developing Telidon, an advanced videotext system By 1979 is considered a world leader with advanced graphics technology
GOVERNMENT OF CANADA
1975
1981-82
First computer-based dial-up services emerge Eg.: Compuserve The Source Prodigy
COMPUSERVE
These are closed systems only subscribers have access

EVAN AMOS / WIKIPEDIA BILBY / WIKIPEDIA
10
1981
Video: Internet News in 1981 (KRON TV report)
11
1983-1988
1983: Time Magazine names the computer Machine of the Year 1985: Worldwide 22 nations are said to be involved in videotext and teletext
1986: Computers readily available in university computer labs, offices

1988: DARPA makes the Internet public
TIME
12
1990
Tim Berners-Lee creates Hypertext Markup Language
CERN
13
1993
January: 26 reasonably reliable servers exist on the World Wide Web, according to CERN August: Mosaic, the first graphical Web browser for Windows, is released by the University of Illinois.
14
1993
October: First journalism site on the Web is launched at the University of Florida. There now are about 200 web servers in the world Dec. 8: First article about the web appears in the New York Times
15
1994
Jan. 19: The first newspaper to regularly publish on the Web, the Palo Alto Weekly in California, begins twiceweekly postings of its full content
April: The Yahoo Internet index is started by Stanford PhD candidates David Filo and Jerry Yang
16
1994
June: the first Canadian newspaper, the Halifax Daily News goes online
17
1995
April 19: Oklahoma City Bombing The first major event in which people turn to the Internet for current information
PRESTON CHASTEEN / WIKIPEDIA
18
1997
March 26: Heavens Gate suicides The Internet becomes part of a major news story when members of the Heavens Gate cult create a website before committing suicide
KTTV LOS ANGELES
19
1997
Video: ABC News: March 26, 1997: Heaven's Gate Cult Suicide Journalists point readers to their source material
20
1997
The Dallas Morning News online edition gets an exclusive that Timothy McVeigh has claimed responsibility for the Oklahoma City Bombing First time a mainstream news organization breaks a major story on its website -- not in its newspaper
21
1998
Jan. 19: Early reports of U.S. President Clintons involvement with White House intern Monica Lewinsky demonstrate how a small independent news site can seize a national news agenda
BOB MCNEELY / WIKIPEDIA
DEFENSE DEPT. / WIKIPEDIA
22
1998
A media frenzy follows both online and in the traditional press
23
1998
September: Starr Report A new relationship between politicians and the public Starr bypasses the press and distributes a major political document online first
U.S. GOVERNMENT
Kenneth Starr
24
2000
Mainstream news sites begin to involve their audience Death of Pierre Trudeau: Canadians share their stories on news websites
25
2001
Sept. 11: Online news operations stumble
26
2001
then recover
27
2003
Classified listings flee print ... and take money with them
28
2003
Canada.com moves to paid subscription model Breaking news is free Other content requires $$
29
2003
The dawn of citizen media Blogging software makes web publishing easy The Baghdad Blogger captivates the world
30
2004
Bloggers lead the way in forcing CBS to retract its story on George W. Bushs military service
31
2004
Bloggers beat the mainstream media to tsunamiravaged South-East Asia
32
2005
Mainstream media starts harnessing user-generated video
33
2005
News sites rush to establish citizen communities
34
2005
Major trend: A growing number of news outlets are chasing relatively static or even shrinking audiences for news. One result of this is that most sectors of the news media are losing audience.
The only sectors seeing general audience growth today are online, ethnic and alternative media.
35
2006
Participatory journalism advocate Dan Gillmor tries (and fails) to put his emerging ideas into practice
36
2006
Web 2.0: The Collaborative Web Time Magazine Person of the Year
37
2007
Bloggers face greater legal scrutiny
38
2007
Citizen media grows in importance
39
2007
40
2007
1. Journalism is becoming a smaller part of peoples information mix 2. The signs are clearer that advertising works differently online than in older media. The consequence is that advertisers may not need journalism as they once did, particularly online.
41
2007
September: Journalism sites move away from subscription-based news
Advertising is seen as the only workable funding model
42
2009
Use of citizen content is commonplace
43
2009
Power is shifting to the individual journalist and away, by degrees, from journalistic institutions."
MARK LUCKIE / GETLUCKIE.NET
44
2010
Experiments with mobile
45
2011
46
2012
A more fundamental challenge that we identified last year has intensified the extent to which technology intermediaries (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple) now control the future of news.
47
2012
48
2013
Instagram arrives
49

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JOUR 5121: HISTORY & ETHICS OF JOURNALISM