M.

Muazzam Sheriff
Lecturer
Microbiology & Immunology
Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies
Bacillus
Common Species:
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus

Microscopic Morphology
Gram Positive Bacilli

Bacillus Species

Gram Positive Bacilli
Bacillus anthracis
endospores stained with
Malachite Green
Clostridium
Genus Clostridium consists of Gram positive,
anaerobic, spore forming bacilli.

Common Species
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium dificile
Microscopic Morphology
Gram Positive Bacilli
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium tetani
Gram positive bacilli with drum stick appearance
Anaerobic Jar and Gas Pack
Produces anaerobic conditions for strict anaerobe

Anaerobic jar converts Oxygen to water by chemical
reaction. Water is added to the red envelope to generate
hydrogen gas (H
2
) and carbon dioxide.

The resulting hydrogen combines at the palladium
catalyst in the jar lid to convert the oxygen present into
water, creating the anaerobic environment
Anaerobic Jar
Gas Pack
Corynebacterium

Common species
Corynebacterium diphtheriae


Microscopic morphology
Gram Positive Bacilli with Palisade arrangement (X
or Y shaped arrangement) (Chinese lettering)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae


Palisade arrangement
Enterobacteriaciae

Small Gram-negative non-spore forming enteric bacilli
(also called coccobacilli)

Common species
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris.

Enterobacteriaciae species
e
Gram-negative non-spore forming enteric bacilli
Growth of Escherichia coli
on Mac Conkey Agar Plate








Pink Lactose fermenting colonies









Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae
on Mac Conkey Agar Plate










Lactose Fermenting- Pink mucoid colonies








Growth of Proteus mirabilis
on Sterile Blood agar plate








Swarming Growth
Pseudomonas Species.
Common species
Pseudomonas aeroginosa


Microscopic morphology
Gram negative short Bacilli
Growth of Pseudomonas
on MacConkey Agar Plate








Non-Lactose fermenting colonies with green pigmentation

Oxidase Test



A.Pseudomonas aeroginosa - Purple color indicates positive.

B. Escherichia coli - No colour change indicates Negative.
N-Tetramethyl-p- phenylenediamine (TMPD) or,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine
(DMPD), which is also a redox indicator. The reagent is a dark blue to violet color when
oxidized, and colorless when reduced.
Haemophilus species
Haemophilus genus represents a large group
of Gram-negative rods (pleomorphic)

Common species
Haemophilus influenzae

Growth of Haemophilus influenzae
on Chocolate agar









forms moist, smooth colonies.
Chocolate agar (enriched medium) is a non-
selective medium for the primary isolation of
fastidious bacteria.
Example: Neisseria meningitidis and
Haemophilus spp.

Chocolate agar contains haemoglobin solution
and supplemental ingredients that are required
by some fastidious organisms.

*Factors X (hemin) and V (Nicotinamide
Adenine Dinucleotide [NAD]) are present