INTRODUCTION TO

AGROFORESTRY
FORESTRY AGRICULTURE
AGROFORESTRY
Reforestation
Plantations
Natural for management
Etc.
Annual crops
Perennial forages
Livestock
Etc.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS/CONSTRAINTS
Subsistence farming
Degraded soils
Shortage of fodder, fuelwood, small timber
Low capital, high labor
Land tenure constraints
Tree planting for
reclamation of degraded lands
Buffer-zone
agroforestry
Multi purpose-tree
woodlots
farm./family forestry
Integrated systems
With Non-Forestry trees
e.g Home gardens,
Plantations crop system
Woody perennials on farms
e.g Soil conservation hedges,
Fuelwood lots, boundary planting
AGROFORESTRY
The definition implies that;
AF normally involves two/more species of plants
(plants and animals).
And AF systems always has two /more outputs.
Cycle of AF is always more than 1 year.
Simplest AF system is more complex, ecologically
and economically, than a monocropping system.
AGROFORESTRY
AF is an integrated approach of using the
interactive benefits from combining trees and
shrubs with crops and/or livestock.
It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to
create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy
and sustainable land use systems.
In AF systems, tress or shrubs are intentionally
used within agricultural systems, or non-timber
forest resources are cultured in forest settings.
AGROFORESTRY
AF systems can be advantageous over
conventional agricultural and forest production
methods through increased productivity, economic
benefits, social outcomes and the ecological goods
and services provided.
AF integrates crops and/or livestock with trees and
shrubs.
AGROFORESTRY
The resulting biological interactions provide multiple
benefits, including diversified income sources,
increased biological production, better water quality,
and improved habitat for both humans and wildlife
Farmers adopt AF practices for two reasons. They
want to increase their economic stability and they
want to improve the management of natural
resources under their care.
AGROFORESTRY
AF Systems.
AF has been loosely defined as trees plus any
other crop, or as combining trees with food crops,
but the most objective and comprehensive definition
advanced so far as follows:..
AGROFORESTRY

AF is a system of land use where woody perennials
are deliberately used on the same land-
management unit as annual agricultural crops
and/or animals either sequentially or
simultaneously, with the aim of obtaining greater
outputs on a sustained basis.
Major AF practices and their main characteristics
Classical forestry Agroforestry
Purpose management
Long term, sustained yield Short term and long term
yield
Management responsibility
Centralized (state)
organization
Mostly local population
(farmer)
Land ownership
Mostly government lands Often privately owned,
sometimes government or
communal lands
Area of production
Large tracts of land Relatively small
landholdings
Rotation period
Long or medium Short, medium and long
Mode of production
Commercial Subsistence, commercial or
mixed
Destination of products
Region of country Often to meet needs of local
population
Products
Lmited number, timber and
other tree products
Variety of products, to
include tree products. Agric.
crops, forage, livestock
AGROFORESTRY
There are 3 attributes which, theoretically, all AF
systems possess;
Productivity maintain to increase production,
output, improved yields of associated crops.
Sustainability maintain conservation and fertility
goals.
Adoptability accept, modify, change to local
farming systems.