VOLUME OF SOLIDS

VOLUME OF SOLIDS
In finding volume of solids, you
have to consider the area of a
base and height of the solid.
If the base is triangular, you
have to make use of the area of
a triangle, if rectangular, make
use of the area of a rectangle
and so on.

The volume V of a cube with edge s is the cube of
s. That is,
V = s
3




s=h
s
Find the volume of a cube
whose sides 8 cm.
8 cm
Solution:
V = s
= (8cm)
V = 512 cm

The volume V of a
rectangular prism is the
product of its altitude h,
the length l and the width
w of the base. That is,
V = lwh
l
w
h
Find the volume of a
rectangular prism.
8 cm
Solution:
V = lwh
= (8cm)(4 cm) (5 cm)
V = 160 cm
4 cm
5cm
It is a prism whose bases are
squares and the other faces
are rectangles.
Square
base
Height (H)
s
s
h

The volume V of a square
prism is the product of its
altitude H and the area of
the base, s. That is,
V = sH
Find the volume of a
square prism.
4 cm
Solution:
V = sH
= (4 cm) (5 cm)
= (16 cm) 5 cm
V = 80 cm
4 cm
5cm
H

The volume V of a
triangular prism is the
product of its altitude H
and the area of the
base(B), bh. That is,
V = (bh) H.
h
b
Base
Solution:
V = (bh) H
= (3.9 cm)(4.5 cm)(2.8 cm)
= (49.14 cm)
V = 24.57 cm
3.9
cm
4.5cm
2.8
cm
ANOTHER KIND OF
POLYHEDRON
PYRAMIDS
Altitude Or Height
-Height of the
pyramid
Slant Height
(height of the
Triangular face)
TYPES OF PYRAMIDS




Pyramids are classified
according to their base.



1. SquarePyramid- the base is square.
2. Rectangular Pyramid- the base is
rectangle.
3. Triangular Pyramid- the base is
triangle.



VOLUME of PYRAMIDS
Consider a pyramid and a
prism having equal altitudes
and bases with equal areas.
If the pyramid is filled with
water or sand and its contents
poured into a prism, only one-
third of the prism will be filled.
Thus the volume of a pyramid
is the volume of the
prism.



w = 4 cm
l = 9 cm
h = 6 cm
base
Volume of pyramids

The volume V of a pyramid is one third the product of its altitude h and the area
B of its base. That is,
V = Bh.
SQUARE PYRAMID
V = (s)H
RECTANGULAR PYRAMID
V = (lw)H
TRIANGULAR PYRAMID
V = (bh)H


EXAMPLE 5: FIND THE VOLUME OF A
RECTANGULAR PYRAMID
Solution:
V = (lwH)
= (6 cm)(4 cm)(10 cm)
= (240 cm)
V = 80 cm


W=4 cm
Height
( 10 cm )
l= 6 cm
EXAMPLE 6: FIND THE VOLUME OF A SQUARE
PYRAMID
Solution:
V = (sH)
= (6 cm)(8 cm)
= (36 cm)(8 cm)
= (288 cm)
V = 96 cm


6 cm
Height
( 8 cm )
6 cm
EXAMPLE 7: Find the volume of a regular
triangular pyramid.
8 cm
6 cm
Solution:
V =(bh)H
= [(6 cm)(3 cm) (8 cm)]
= (9 cm) (8 cm)
= (72 )cm
V = 24 cm


h=3 cm
3
3
3
3
3

COMMON SOLIDS
CYLINDERS
CYLINDER
-is a space figure with two circular
bases that are parallel and
congruent.
Circular base
Circular base
.
.
Height
Radius
CYLINDERS

Guide questions:
What is the
geometric
figure
represented by
the bases of the
cylinder?
How do you
compute its
area?



Volume of a cylinder
ANSWERS
Circles
(circular bases)
A = r



Height
radius
Volume of a cylinder
How can the volume of a cylinder be
computed?
V = Bh, where B is the area of
the base and h is the height of the
cylinder.
by substitution,
V= rh


EXAMPLE 8: Find the volume of a cylinder.
Use = 3.14
Solution:
V = rh
=(3.14)(5 cm) 10 cm
= 3.14( 25cm) (10 cm)
= 3.14( 250 cm)
V = 785 cm


5 cm
10 cm
VOLUME OF A CONE
REFLECTIVE TRAFFIC
CONE
CONE
-is a space figure with one circular base
and a vertex
Vertex
Circular base
.
Height
Of the cone
Radius
Slant Height
Of the cone
VOLUME of a CONE
Consider a CONE and a
CYLINDER having equal
altitudes and bases with equal
areas.
If the CONE is filled with water or
sand and its contents poured into
a CYLIDER, only one- third of the
CYLINDER will be filled. Thus the
volume of a CONE is the
volume of the CYLINDER.



h
r
Volume of a cone
How can the volume of a cone be
computed?
V = Bh, where B is the area of
the base and h is the height of the
cone.
by substitution,
V= rh


Find the volume of a cone.
Use = 3.14
Solution:
V = rh
= (3.14)(5 cm) (10 cm)
= (3.14)(25 cm) (10 cm)
= (785 cm)
V= 261.67 cm


5 cm
10 cm
Find the volume of a cone.
Use = 3.14
Solution:
Step 1. find h.
Using Pythagorean
theorem,
h= 5 - 3
=25-9
h = 16
h = 4 cm


3 cm
5 cm
Solution:
V = rh
= (3.14)(3 cm) (4 cm)
= (3.14)(9 cm) (4 cm)
= (113.04 cm)
V= 37.68 cm


4 cm
VOLUME OF A SPHERE
THE EARTH
BALLS
SPHERE
A sphere is a solid
where every point is
equally distant from
its center.
This distance is the
length of the radius
of a sphere.
radius
radius
VOLUME OF A SPHERE
The formula to find the
VOLUMEof a sphere is
V = r, where r is the
length of its radius.
BALL
3
4
How can the volume of a sphere be
computed?
Archimedes of Syracuse
(287-212 BC)
is regarded as the greatest of Greek
mathematicians, and was also an
inventor of many mechanical devices
(including the screw, the pulley, and the
lever).
He perfected integration using Eudoxus'
method of exhaustion, and found the
areas and volumes of many objects.
Archimedes of Syracuse
(287-212 BC)
A famous result of his is that the
volume of a sphere is two-
thirds the volume of its
circumscribed cylinder, a
picture of which was inscribed
on his tomb.
The height (H)of the cylinder is equal to
the diameter (d) of the sphere.
radius
radius
r
H = d
r
Volume (Sphere)= the volume of a
circumscribed cylinder
radius
radius
r
H = d
r
Volume (Sphere)= rh
= r (2r)
= r
radius
radius
r
H = d= 2r
r
3
4
1. Find the volume of a sphere.
Use = 3.14
Solution:
V = 4/3 r
=4/3(3.14)(10 cm)
= 12.56 (1000 cm)
3
= 12,560 cm)
3
V= 4,186.67 cm


10 cm
2. Find the volume of a sphere.
Use = 3.14
Solution:
V = 4/3 r
=4/3(3.14)(7.8 cm)
= 12.56 (474.552 cm)
3
= 5960.37312 cm
3
V= 1,986.79 cm


7.8 cm