Extreme sports

Andreea Bratu
Andreea Ghita
11 F
About
An extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure
sport) is a popular term for certain activities perceived as
having a high level of inherent danger and that are
counter-cultural. These activities often involve speed,
height, a high level of physical exertion, and highly
specialized gear or spectacular stunts.
The definition of an extreme sport is not exact for
example, although studies show that (road) cycling
ranks as the sport with the highest rate of injury, it is
not considered an extreme sport because it is not
counter-cultural. The term's origin is also unclear, but it
gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by
marketing companies to promote the X Games.

Motocross
Motocross is a form of motorcycle sport.
Traces its origins to British scrambling
competitions.
The first known scramble took place at
Camberley, Surrey in 1924.
Other types of motorcycle sport derived from
Motocross: freestyle, supermoto, sidecars,and
supercross.


Motocross is a form of motorcycle sport or all-terrain vehicle racing held
on enclosed off road circuits.
Motocross is derived from the French, and traces its origins to British
scrambling competitions.
Motocross was first known as a British off-road event called scrambling,
which was an evolution of motorcycle trial events popular in the northern
UK. The first known scramble took place at Camberley, Surrey in 1924.
During the 1930s, the sport grew in popularity, especially in Britain.
The sport evolved with sub-disciplines such as stadium events known as
supercross and arenacross held in indoor arenas. Freestyle motocross
(FMX) events where riders are judged on their jumping and aerial
acrobatic skills have gained popularity, as well as supermoto, where
motocross machines race on both tarmac and off road. Vintage motocross
events have also become popular with riders competing on bikes usually
pre-dating the 1975 model year.
A number of other types of motorcycle sport have been derived from
Motocross: freestyle, supermoto, sidecars,and supercross.


Rock climbing
Rock climbing is a physically and mentally
demanding sport.
Climbing up or across natural rock formations or
man-made rock walls.
Specialized climbing equipment.
Dangerous sport.
Rock climbing is a sport in which participants climb up or across natural rock
formations or man-made rock walls. The goal is to reach the summit of a formation
or the endpoint of a pre-defined route. Rock climbing is similar to scrambling
(another activity involving the scaling of hills and similar formations), but climbing is
generally differentiated because of the use of hands to support the climber's weight
as well as to provide balance.
Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a
climber's strength, endurance, agility, and balance along with his or her mental
control. It can be a dangerous sport and knowledge of proper climbing techniques
and usage of specialized climbing equipment is crucial for the safe completion of
routes
Although rock climbing was an important component of Victorian mountaineering in
the Alps, it is generally thought that the sport of rock climbing began in the last
quarter of the nineteenth century.
At its most basic, rock climbing involves climbing a route with one's own hands and
feet and little more than a cushioned bouldering pad in the way of protection
Climbs can occur either outdoors on varying types of rock or indoors on specialized
climbing walls. Outdoors, climbs usually take place on sunny days when the holds are
dry and provide the best grip, but climbers can also attempt to climb at night or in
adverse weather conditions if they have the proper training and equipment.
However, night climbing or climbing in adverse weather conditions will increase the
difficulty and danger on any climbing.
Altough many climbers adhere to "minimal impact" and "leave no trace" practices,
rock climbing is sometimes damaging to the environment.

Bungee-jumping
Jumping from a tall structure while being
connected to a large elastic cord.
Free-falling.
Thrill.
Several million successful jumps have taken
place since 1980.
Bungee jumping (also spelled "Bungy" jumping) is an activity that
involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic
cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building,
bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object,
such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover
above the ground. The thrill comes as much from the free-falling as from
the rebounds. When the person jumps, the cord stretches and the
jumper flies upwards again as the cord snaps back, and continues to
oscillate up and down until all the energy is dissipated.
The first modern bungee jumps were made on 1 April 1979 from the
250-foot Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, by David Kirke, Chris Baker,
Simon Keeling, Tim Hunt and Alan Weston of the Oxford University
Dangerous Sports Club. The jumpers were arrested shortly after, but
continued with jumps in the US from the Golden Gate and Royal Gorge
bridges, (this last jump sponsored by and televised on the American
program That's Incredible) spreading the concept worldwide.
Despite the inherent danger of jumping from a great height, several
million successful jumps have taken place since 1980.
Bungee-jumping locations: U.K.
Windsor / Datchet Bungee Jump Main
U.K. bungee jump site
Manchester Bungee Jump the North
Wests only regular bungee jump site
Bridge Bungee Jump Middlesbrough The
U.K.s only bungee-jump bridge
The Abyss @ Magna The worlds only
indoor bungee jumping site
Bungee-jumping locations: U.S.A.
"The Bridge to Nowhere" is one of the best bungee jumping sites
at California in USA. The Bridge is strategically situated
approximately forty miles towards the northern side from Los
Angeles downtown. The site is located at the picturesque Angeles
National Forest.
AJ Hackett Bungy Las Vegas is one of the most popular bungee
jumping sites located at the state of Nevada in USA.
The Bay Area Outdoor Adventure Club located in the state of San
Francisco in California offers another famous Bungee jumping area.
The location at the state of Alabama in USA where the adventurous
tourists can indulge in bungee jumping is at the Gulf Shores.
Tourists can take part in bungee jumping at the state of Alaska in
USA from the place called Girdwood at Chitua.
One can indulge in the bungee jumping activity at Colorado from
the famous Royal Gorge Bridge which is one of the highest
suspension bridges located in the Canon City at Colorado.

Street luge


Involves riding a streetluge board.
Skateboarders found they could reach faster
speeds by lying down on their skateboards.
Races and competitions around the globe.
The boards have varied shapes and are made of
several materials(steel, aluminium, wood)

Street luge is an extreme gravity-powered activity that involves riding a
streetluge board (sometimes referred to as a sled) down a paved road or course.
Street luge is also known as land luge or road luge.
Street luge was born in Southern California as downhill skateboarders found
they could reach faster speeds by lying down on their skateboards. This early
form of the sport is now referred to as "classic style" or "butt boarding.
In 1975, the first professional race was held at Signal Hill, California and
hosted by the U.S. Skateboard Association. The race winner was based on top
speed. The boards used in this race varied from basic skateboards to complex
skate cars in which the rider was completely enclosed by plastic or fiberglass.
Current street luge stretchers are made from many materials including steel,
aluminum, wood, and carbon fibre. The majority of the street luge stretchers in
the world are custom made although commercial models are now available.
Actual stretchers designs can vary as the construction rules are very open and
allow for numerous design considerations.
Race courses are usually held on mountain roads but have been held on city
streets as well. Courses can range in length from 0.5 to 3 miles (1 to 5 km) and
vary in layout (number and severity of turns).
While no longer a sport in either the X Games or Gravity Games, street luge is a
burgeoning sport in numerous countries with competitions around the globe.
There are approximately 1202+ active street luge riders in the world.
There is now a healthy street luge riding and racing presence in many European
countries
Skateboarding
Performing tricks using a skateboard.
Recreational activity.
Tied to the culture of surfing.
The image of the skateboarders is that of a
rebellious, non-conforming youth.
Professional skaters use hip hop, reggae, or
hard rock music accompaniment in their videos.

Skateboarding is the act of riding and performing tricks using a skateboard. A person who
skateboards is most often referred to as a skateboarder, or just skater. Skateboarding can be a
recreational activity, an artform, a job, or a method of trasportation.
Skateboarding was probably born sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s when surfers in
California wanted something to surf when the waves were flat. No one knows who made the
first board, rather, it seems that several people came up with similar ideas at around the same
time. These first skateboarders started with wooden boxes or boards with roller skate wheels
attached to the bottom. The boxes turned into planks, and eventually companies were producing
decks of pressed layers of wood -- similar to the skateboard decks of today. During this time,
skateboarding was seen as something to do for fun besides surfing, and was therefore often
referred to as "Sidewalk Surfing".
Skateboarding was, at first, tied to the culture of surfing. As skateboarding spread across the
United States to places unfamiliar with surfing or surfing culture, it developed an image of its
own. For example, the classic film short Video Days (1991) portrayed skateboarders as reckless
rebels.
The image of the skateboarders as a rebellious, non-conforming youth has faded in recent years.
Certain cities still oppose the building of skateparks in their neighborhoods, for fear of increased
crime and drugs in the area. The rift between the old image of skateboarding and a newer one is
quite visible: magazines such as Thrasher portray skateboarding as dirty, rebellious, and still
firmly tied to punk, while other publications, Transworld Skateboarding as an example, paint a
more diverse and controlled picture of skateboarding. Furthermore, as more professional skaters
use hip hop, reggae, or hard rock music accompaniment in their videos, many urban youths, hip-
hop, reggae and hard rock fans are also drawn to skateboarding, further diluting the sport's
punk image.
Films such as Grind and Lords Of Dogtown, have helped improve the reputation of skateboarding
youth depicting individuals of this subculture as having a positive outlook on life, prone to poking
harmless fun at each other, and engaging in healthy sportsman's competition