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The RIKEN RI Beam Factory

- Its Scientific Programs -


H. Sakurai
RIKEN Nishina Center/ Univ. of Tokyo
1. What is the RIBF ?
2. Nuclear Physics Programs
Spectroscopy on neutron-rich nuclei
SHE
3. Summary
RIPS
GARIS
60~100 MeV/nucleon
~5 MeV/nucleon
350-400 MeV/nucleon
Old facility
New facility
RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF)
BigRIPS
SRC
RILAC
AVF
RRC fRC
IRC
Experiment facility
Accelerator
SHARAQ (CNS)
SAMURAI
ZeroDegree
SLOWRI
SCRIT
RI-ring
SHE
Z=113
Intense (80 kW max.) H.I. beams (up to U) of 345AMeV at SRC
Fast RI beams by projectile fragmentation and U-fission at BigRIPS
Operation since 2007
To be funded
<10 MeV/nucleon
CRIB (CNS)
K980-MeV
Intermediate stage Ring Cyclotron (IRC)
Worlds First and Strongest
K2600MeV
Superconducting Ring Cyclotron
Worlds Largest Acceptance
9 Tm
Superconducting RI beam Separator
400 MeV/u Light-ion beam
345 MeV/u Uranium beam
SRC
BigRIPS
~250-300 MeV/nucleon RIB
8300 tons
Press-Conference on June 8
th
, 2010
T. Ohnishi et al., JPSJ 79, 073201 (2010)
D.Kameda et al., PRC 84 054319 (2012); 18 new isomers
U-238 Acceleration
at Super-Conducting Cyclotron
U-238 beam
Be production
target
Setup to search for
new n-rich isotopes
new isotopes
Z, A/Q
Projectile Fragmentation
In-flight U fission & P.F.
p
r
o
t
o
n
s

neutrons
New Element
278
113
04 July 23 18:55
57 fb
Exploration of the Limit of Existence
stable nuclei ~300 nuclei
unstable nuclei observed so far ~2700 nuclei
drip-lines (limit of existence)theoretical predictions) ~6000 nuclei
magic numbers
R-process path
Nuclear Physics
Shell Evolution : magicity loss and new magicity
Shape ?
Shell gap ?
Cluster formation?
Role of 3NF ?
Magicity loss ?
50, 82, 126,
Liberation from Stable Region and
Emergence of Exotic Nuclei (1)
Skin thickness? Density distribution?
Skin structure ? di-neutrons? p-n?
Exotic collective modes of skin
Density distribution


r
Neutron+
proton
neutrons
Spherical Deformed
neutron skin
proton-
neutron
matter
Dynamics of new material : Neutron-skinhalo
E(2
+
)
Liberation from Stable Region and
Emergence of Exotic Nuclei (2)
R-process path: Synthesis up to U
Necessary of experimental
investigation for nuclear properties
of heavy and neutron-rich nuclei
Mass, life-time, decay mode
EOS: Asymmetric nuclear matter
SN explosion, neutron-star,
gravity wave
Mean field +
Dilute system : BEC-BCS cross over ?
High density : 3NF, especially for T=3/2 ?
mass
half-life
excited states
deformation
charge radii
matter radii
charge distribution
matter distribution
EM moments
single particle states
astrophysical reactions
giant resonances
exotic modes
HI collisions (EOS)
IRC-to-RIPS BT SLOWRI
SHARAQ spectrometer
SAMURAI
SCRIT
Rare RI ring
U Tokyo
New Experimental Devices of RIBF
for several 100 1000 species
2008-
2009-
2012-
e+RI (Sn-132) 2013-
Funded in 2012, Ni-78 2015-
ZeroDegree
Funded 2013!!
being funded
To maximize the potentials of intense RI beams available at RIBF
gas-catcher
mass
multi-use
2012-
PID for ejectiles
High resolution
Large acceptance
SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility
2009 Facility constructions
2010 Tuning of accelerators
Installation of SCRIT
2011 SCRIT performance test
ISOL commissioning
2012 Test of RI production
Tuning of ISOL
2013 Upgrade RTM
Construction e-Spectrometer
Full-scale RI production
Start Experiments for RIs
Wakasugi et al.
Achieved luminosity 1.810
27
/(cm
2
s)
Ion trapping efficiency 85 %
at 240 mA
Commissioning of ISOL and preparation of UCx target
Test Experiments using Stable
133
Cs
Test with
stable Xe isotopes
Mass resolution
M/DM 1660
Overall efficiency
21 %
Training of
target production
238
UO
2
+C (disk)
UCx (
238
U 30g)
Measurements of
Electrons elastically
scattered from
trapped Cs ions
in SCRIT
with Cs
without Cs
Rare RI Ring for mass measurement
Construction started in April 2012!
Ozawa, Wakasugi, Uesaka et al.
Specialized to mass measurements
of r-process nuclei
Low production rate (~1/day)
Short life time (<50ms)
Key technologies:
Isochronous ring
T/T < 10
-6
for p/p=0.5%
Individual injection triggered by
a detector at BigRIPS
efficiency ~ 100%
even for a cyclotron beam
Schedule:
2014 Commissioning run
2015~ Mass measurements of RI
Bending Magnet
Superconducting
Large BL (7Tm)
Large pole gap (80cm)
Weight ~ 600 ton
Neutron
Proton
Heavy Ion
TPC
(not shown
in picture)
Spectroscopy of
Unbound States e.g. (g,n)
(p,2p) Missing Mass
Nucl. Astrophys. (p,g)
Deuteron expts for 3NF
Nucl. Matter
d setup
(not shown in picture)
15M$ covers
SC-Magnet 9M$
Detectors
neutron counter
electronics, software
STQ for BT
SAMURAI Spectrometer Kobayashi et al 2012-
versatile spectrometer with a large superconducting magnet
IBS, Korea U, SNU, Hoseo U Joining the project
Commissioning Experiment March 2012
Experimental Devices available at the new facility
High resolution spectrometer
via dispersion matching mode
SHARAQ(2009~) CNS-UT
ZeroDegree (2008~)
SAMURAI (2012~)
Versatile spectrometer
with a large
superconducting magnet
Multi-function BT line
Spectroscopy w/ reactions
Decay spectroscopy
SRC
Three Spectrometers at RIBF
Ca-48 Acceleration
at Super-Conducting Cyclotron
Ca-48 beam
Be production
target
Spectroscopy via reactions
in the case of in-beam gamma
Secondary target
Gamma-detectors
to measure de-excited gamma rays
PID at ZeroDegree
20
8
28
34
Mg
30
Ne
32
Mg
31
F
Stability enhancement
20
8
28
34
Mg
30
Ne
32
Mg
31
F
Stability enhancement
Doornenbal, Scheit, et al.
Ne-32 1
st
excited states: PRL 103, 032501 (2009)
New states in
31,32,33
Na: PRC 81, 041305R (2010)
Mg-36,-38; PRL, in press
F-29: in preparation
Takeuchi et al.
Si-42 : PRL109, 182501 (2012)
Island?
Peninsula!!
Magicity loss at N=20 and N=28
RIBF
N=28 magicity might be
lost in the Mg and Si nuclei.

Mechanism of
large deformation?
New Magicity of N=34 in the Ca isotopes
D. Steppenbeck et al., Nature
Zn-70 -> Ti-56, Sc-55
Ti-56, Sc-55 + Be -> Ca-54 + X
Zn-70 primary beam (100 pnA max)
Ti-56 120 pps/pnA, Sc-55 12 pps/pnA
U-238 Acceleration
at Super-Conducting Cyclotron
U-238 beam
Be production
target
Particle Identification of
RI beams
Decay Spectroscopy Setup
Beta-delayed gamma
-> Ge detectors
HI implanted and beta-rays
-> active stopper (DSSSD)
1
st
decay spectroscopy 2009 Dec.
U beam intensity
0.1-0.2 pnA on average
2.5 days for data accumulation
Exotic Collective-Motions at A~110 and
Their Applications to the R-process Nucleosynthesis
Development of axial
asymmetry in neutron-rich
nucleus Mo-110
H. Watanabe et al.,
Phys.Lett.B 704,270-275(2011)
New Half-life data for
18 new isotopes
S. Nishimura et al.,
PRL 106, 052502 (2011)
Deformed magic N=64
in Zr isotopes
T. Sumikama et al.,
PRL 106, 202501 (2011)
Low-lying level structure of Nb-109:
A possible oblate prolate shape isomer
H. Watanabe et al.,
Phys. Lett. B 696, 186-190 (2011)
EURICA Project at RIBF
RIKEN RIBF
(Japan)
Euroball Cluster detectors
Support structure
Readout electronics
used for GSI-RISING
2011 Nov.
EUROBALL-RIKEN Cluster Array (EURICA) 2012-14
First decay spectroscopy in 2009
Gain Factors from 2009 to 2012-14 for Decay Spectroscopy
U-beam intensity x 50 times
- 0.2 pnA 10 pnA
Gamma-ray efficiency x 10 times
- 4 Clover detectors (Det. Effi. ~1.5% at 0.662 MeV)
12 Cluster detectors (Det. Eff. ~ 15 % at 0.662MeV)
Beam time x 40 times
- 2.5 days (4 papers) 100 days (160 papers)
EURICA setup
EUroball-RIKEN Cluster Array
Ca
Zn
Kr Xe
U
He
O
N
d
Intensity records and outlook
Goal for U beam
Max. beam power:
6.2 kW (
18
O 345 MeV/u)
Kamigaito et al.
15pnA Nov., 2012
SRC
IRC
RILAC
RRC
fRC
AVF
New Injector RILAC2
to deliver more intense beam and more opportunities for SHE
GARIS (SHE)
BigRIPS (RIBF)
New Injector
300 days per
year for SHE!!
RILAC2+
28GHz SC-ECRIS
He gas stripper

K. Morita et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81 (2012) 103201
Element 113
Summary
RIBF has started in operation since 2007.

Primary beam intensity is increased year by year
to expand our play ground.

All of experimental devices proposed have been funded
to give a diversity of experimental programs.

Bunch of data for shell evolution and nuclear astrophysics
are being produced via in-beam gamma spectroscopy
and decay spectroscopy.

Element 113
th
has been clearly identified.
=Radioactive Isotope =Beam =Factory
Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility dedicated to
mass production of radioactive isotopes
as secondary beams (since 2007)
Accelerator Facility Area
RIKEN
Wako Campus
The First Decay Spectroscopy at RIBF
Sumikama, Nishimura, et al.
2009 Dec.
U beam to access A~110 region
Collectivity
triaxiality, shape-coexistence,
R-process, etc.
Intensity 0.8 pnA max.
0.1-0.2 pnA on average
2.5 days for data accumulation
Clovers (RIKEN)
LaBr
3
(Milano)
9 layers of DSSD (RIKEN, TUM)
STOP Detector
( Decay experiment )
In-flight Production Method of RI beam
Heavy Ion Accelerator
magnet system to
collect and separate RIs
RI Production
via projectile fragmentation/fission
production target
study of nuclei
far from stability line
via secondary reactions
and decay spectroscopy
In-flight separator
RI beams
Physics-based
Fast separation
400ns
projectile
target
RI beam
Before reaction
During reaction
After reaction
magnets

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