1

MODUL
STATISTIKA BISNIS DAN INDUSTRI
ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN

HARYONO, dkk


PROGRAM MAGISTER MANAJEMEN TEKNOLOGI
PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA
ITS
2
TUJUAN
Setelah mempelajari modul ini diharapkan peserta
dapat :
a) Memahami konsep analisis diskriminan dan
mampu menerapkannya
b) Memahami konsep analisis diskriminan multiple
dan mampu menerapkannya
3
MANFAAT
Analisis diskriminan adalah bagian dari Statistika
Multivariate, yang bermanfaat untuk :
a) Mangidentifikasi variabel-variabel independen yang
mampu membedakan 2 (dua) kelompok atau lebih
b) Menentukan variabel independen mana yang
mempunyai peranan paling penting terhadap
perbedaan antar kelompok
c) Menentukan suatu sampel akan masuk kelompok
mana berdasarkan variabel-variabel independen
4
LANGKAH-LANGKAH ANALISIS
Analisis Diskriminan
Mengetahui variabel-variabel yang
mampu membedakan 2 kelompok
atau lebih
Diskriptif
Mean dan Variansi
Diperkuat oleh
Uji F (Analisis Variasi)
Membuat Fungsi Diskriminan
Manfaat :
Mengetahui variabel yang paling
dominan
Mengetahui besar kontribusi
variabel pengelompokkan
Validitas : Tingkat kebenaran
dengan melihat klasifikasi
Gambar 1 : Langkah-Langkah Interpretasi Hasil Analisis Diskriminan
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Contoh 1 : ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN 2 KELOMPOK
Andaikan suatu perusahaan ingin mengetahui
karakteristik keluarga yang berkunjung ke daerah wisata
tertentu untuk 2 tahun terakhir ini. Data diberikan pada
Tabel 1. Berdasarkan output komputer yang diberikan,
simpulkan variabel-variabel mana yang paling dapat
membedakan antara 2 kelompok pengunjung tersebut.
(Output komputer pada Tabel 1)

6
Tabel 1 : Data Karakteristik Keluarga yang Berkunjung Ke Daerah
Wisata Tertentu
Visit Income Travel Vacation Hsize Age Amount
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
50.2
70.3
62.9
48.5
52.7
75
46.2
57
64.1
68.1
73.4
71.9
56.2
49.3
5
6
7
7
6
8
5
2
7
7
6
5
1
4

8
7
5
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
2

3
4
6
5
4
5
3
6
4
5
5
4
6
3

43
61
52
36
55
68
62
51
57
45
44
64
54
56

2
3
3
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
3

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Lanjutan Tabel 1
Visit

Income

Travel

Vacation

Hsize

Age

Amount

1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

62
32.1
36.2
43.2
50.4
44.1
38.3
55

5
5
4
2
5
6
6
1

6
4
3
5
2
6
6
2

2
3
2
2
4
3
2
2

58
58
55
57
37
42
45
57

3
1
1
2
2
2
1
3

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Lanjutan Tabel 1
Visit

Income

Travel

Vacation

Hsize

Age

Amount

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

46.1
35
37.3
41.8
57
33.4
37.5
41.3

3
6
2
5
8
6
3
3

5
4
7
1
3
8
2
3

3
5
4
3
2
2
3
2

42
64
54
56
36
50
48
42

1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1

9
Visit

Income

Travel

Vacation

Hsize

Age

Amount

1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

50.8
63.6
54
45
68
62.1
35
49.6
39.4
37
54.5
38.2

4
7
6
5
6
5
4
5
6
2
7
2

7
4
7
4
6
6
3
3
5
6
3
2

3
7
4
3
6
3
4
5
3
5
3
3

45
55
58
60
46
56
54
39
44
51
37
49

2
3
2
2
3
3
1
1
3
1
2
1

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Tabel 1 RESULT OF TWO-GROUP DISKRIMINANT
ANALYSIS


Group Statistics
60.5200 9.83065 15 15.000
5.4000 1.91982 15 15.000
5.8000 1.82052 15 15.000
4.3333 1.23443 15 15.000
53.7333 8.77062 15 15.000
41.9133 7.55115 15 15.000
4.3333 1.95180 15 15.000
4.0667 2.05171 15 15.000
2.8000 .94112 15 15.000
50.1333 8.27101 15 15.000
51.2167 12.79523 30 30.000
4.8667 1.97804 30 30.000
4.9333 2.09981 30 30.000
3.5667 1.33089 30 30.000
51.9333 8.57395 30 30.000
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
VISIT
1.00
2.00
Total
Mean Std. Deviation Unweighted Weighted
Valid N (listw ise)
11
Tests of Equality of Group Means
.453 33.796 1 28 .000
.925 2.277 1 28 .143
.824 5.990 1 28 .021
.657 14.636 1 28 .001
.954 1.338 1 28 .257
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
Wilks'
Lambda F df 1 df 2 Sig.
Pooled Within-Groups Matrices
1.000 .197 .091 .089 -.014
.197 1.000 .084 -.017 -.197
.091 .084 1.000 .070 .017
.089 -.017 .070 1.000 -.043
-.014 -.197 .017 -.043 1.000
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
Correlation
INCOME TRAVEL VACATION HSIZE AGE
12
Summary of Canonical Discriminant Functions
Eigenvalues
1.786
a
100.0 100.0 .801
Function
1
Eigenvalue % of Variance Cumulative %
Canonical
Correlation
First 1 canonical discriminant f unctions w ere used in the
analysis.
a.
Wilks' Lambda
.359 26.130 5 .000
Test of Function(s)
1
Wilks'
Lambda Chi-square df Sig.
13
Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
.743
.096
.233
.469
.209
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
1
Function
Structure Matrix
.822
.541
.346
.213
.164
INCOME
HSIZE
VACATION
TRAVEL
AGE
1
Function
Pooled within-groups correlations between discriminating
variables and standardized canonical discriminant f unctions
Variables ordered by absolute size of correlation within function.
14
Functions at Group Centroids
1.291
-1.291
VISIT
1.00
2.00
1
Function
Unstandardized canonical discriminant
f unctions evaluated at group means
Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
.085
.050
.120
.427
.025
-7.975
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
(Constant)
1
Function
Unstandardized coef f icients
15
Classification Statistics
Classification Function Coefficients
.678 .459
1.509 1.381
.938 .628
3.322 2.218
.832 .768
-57.532 -36.936
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
(Constant)
1.00 2.00
VISIT
Fisher's linear discriminant f unctions
Classification Results
b,c
12 3 15
0 15 15
80.0 20.0 100.0
.0 100.0 100.0
11 4 15
2 13 15
73.3 26.7 100.0
13.3 86.7 100.0
VISIT
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
Count
%
Count
%
Original
Cross-validated
a
1.00 2.00
Predicted Group
Membership
Total
Cross validation is done only f or those cases in the analysis. In
cross validation, each case is classif ied by the f unctions derived
f rom all cases other than that case.
a.
90.0% of original grouped cases correctly classif ied.
b.
80.0% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classif ied.
c.
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Contoh 2 : ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN 2 KELOMPOK
Lihat kembali Contoh 1. (Output komputer pada Tabel 2)

Tabel 2 : Result of Three-Group Discriminant Analysis
Group Statistics
38.5700 5.29718 10 10.000
4.5000 1.71594 10 10.000
4.7000 1.88856 10 10.000
3.1000 1.19722 10 10.000
50.3000 8.09732 10 10.000
50.1100 6.00231 10 10.000
4.0000 2.35702 10 10.000
4.2000 2.48551 10 10.000
3.4000 1.50555 10 10.000
49.5000 9.25263 10 10.000
64.9700 8.61434 10 10.000
6.1000 1.19722 10 10.000
5.9000 1.66333 10 10.000
4.2000 1.13529 10 10.000
56.0000 7.60117 10 10.000
51.2167 12.79523 30 30.000
4.8667 1.97804 30 30.000
4.9333 2.09981 30 30.000
3.5667 1.33089 30 30.000
51.9333 8.57395 30 30.000
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
AMAOUNT
1.00
2.00
3.00
Total
Mean Std. Deviation Unweighted Weighted
Valid N (listw ise)
17
Tests of Equality of Group Means
.262 37.997 2 27 .000
.788 3.634 2 27 .040
.881 1.830 2 27 .180
.874 1.944 2 27 .163
.882 1.804 2 27 .184
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
Wilks'
Lambda F df 1 df 2 Sig.
Pooled Within-Groups Matrices
1.000 .051 .307 .380 -.209
.051 1.000 .036 .005 -.340
.307 .036 1.000 .221 -.013
.380 .005 .221 1.000 -.025
-.209 -.340 -.013 -.025 1.000
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
Correlation
INCOME TRAVEL VACATION HSIZE AGE
18
Summary of Canonical Discriminant Functions
Eigenvalues
3.819
a
93.9 93.9 .890
.247
a
6.1 100.0 .445
Function
1
2
Eigenvalue % of Variance Cumulative %
Canonical
Correlation
First 2 canonical discriminant f unctions w ere used in the
analysis.
a.
Wilks' Lambda
.166 44.831 10 .000
.802 5.517 4 .238
Test of Function(s)
1 through 2
2
Wilks'
Lambda Chi-square df Sig.
19
Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
1.047 -.421
.340 .769
-.142 .534
-.163 .129
.495 .524
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
1 2
Function
Structure Matrix
.856* -.278
.193* .077
.219 .588*
.149 .454*
.166 .341*
INCOME
HSIZE
TRAVEL
VACATION
AGE
1 2
Function
Pooled within-groups correlations between discriminating
variables and standardized canonical discriminant f unctions
Variables ordered by absolute size of correlation within function.
Largest absolute correlation betw een each variable and
any discriminant f unction
*.
20
Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
.154 -.062
.187 .422
-.070 .261
-.127 .100
.059 .063
-11.094 -3.792
INCOME
TRAVEL
VACATION
HSIZE
AGE
(Constant)
1 2
Function
Unstandardized coef f icients
Functions at Group Centroids
-2.041 .418
-.405 -.659
2.446 .240
AMAOUNT
1.00
2.00
3.00
1 2
Function
Unstandardized canonical discriminant
f unctions evaluated at group means
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Classification Statistics
Classification Results
b,c
9 1 0 10
1 9 0 10
0 2 8 10
90.0 10.0 .0 100.0
10.0 90.0 .0 100.0
.0 20.0 80.0 100.0
7 3 0 10
4 5 1 10
0 2 8 10
70.0 30.0 .0 100.0
40.0 50.0 10.0 100.0
.0 20.0 80.0 100.0
AMAOUNT
1.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
Count
%
Count
%
Original
Cross-validated
a
1.00 2.00 3.00
Predicted Group Membership
Total
Cross validation is done only f or those cases in the analysis. In cross validation,
each case is classif ied by the f unctions derived f rom all cases other than that case.
a.
86.7% of original grouped cases correctly classif ied.
b.
66.7% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classif ied.
c.