Homogeneous Charge

Compression Ignition (HCCI)

Engines
Gajendra Singh
Contents
Need of HCCI
HCCI Engine Concept
Advantage & Challenges related to HCCI
Future Aspects.
The Challenges Facing Us
Emission (NOx & Soot)
Fuel Economy





Fuel Consumption is increased by more than 10 % in last 7 years
Urban
Pollution
Solution
Hybrid Vehicles
Fuel Cells
HCCI Engines
GDI Engine
Low Emissions Technologies
New Materials
Advanced Design Simulations
Efficient Electronics and Electrical Devices

What is an HCCI Engine?
HCCI is a form of internal combustion in which the Homogeneous
Charge is compressed to the point of auto ignition.
HCCI incorporates the best features of both spark ignition (SI) and
compression ignition (CI)
As in an SI engine, the charge is well mixed, which minimizes particulate
emissions.
As in a CI engine, the charge is compression ignited and has no
throttling losses, which leads to high efficiency.


Traditional combustion (left) uses a spark to ignite the mixture. HCCI (right) uses piston
compression for a more complete ignition.


Unlike conventional engines, the combustion occurs
simultaneously throughout the volume rather than in a flame
front.
This important attribute of HCCI allows combustion to occur at
much lower temperatures, dramatically reducing engine-out
emissions of NOx




SI Engine HCCI



Working

Advantage
Relative to SI gasoline engines, HCCI engines are more
efficient, approaching the efficiency of a CIDI engine.

Reason for Improved Efficiency

Elimination of throttling losses.
High compression ratios
Shorter combustion duration (No Flame front, so distance to travel)

Fuel-Flexibility


Emission
HCCI engines also have lower engine-out NOx.
HCCI engines have substantially lower emissions of PM.
The low emissions of PM and NOx in HCCI engines are a result of the dilute
homogeneous air and fuel mixture. The charge in an HCCI engine may be made dilute
by being very lean by EGR.

HCCI engines may be lower cost since use lower-pressure fuel-
injection equipment.

Challenges

Controlling Ignition Timing over a Range of Speeds and Load .
varying the amount of hot EGR.
using a VCR mechanism.
using a VVT mechanism.

Extending the Operating Range to High Load
Dual Mode Operation

Cold-Start Capability
Using glow plugs.
Start the engine in spark-ignition mode.

Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emission
Using Oxidation Catalysts.

Research Aspects
Ignition Timing Control
Engine Cold-Start
Heat release rate
Multi-Cylinder Engine Effects
Fuel System
Engine Control Strategies and Systems
Engine Transient Operation

Prototype HCCI car from Saturn
pHCCI (Partial Homogeneous Charge Compression
Ignition )
In Partial HCCI mode the engine is cold-started as an SI or CI engine, then switched
to HCCI mode for idle and low- to mid-load operation to obtain the benefits of
HCCI in this regime. For high-load operation, the engine would again be switched
to SI or CI operation.
The Future of HCCI
The future of HCCI looks promising specially with partial HCCI mode.
Major companies such as GM, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, and Volkswagen
have invested in HCCI research.
Company Company Technology
Estimated Year of
Commercialization
General
Motors
Saturn-Aura pHCCI Test Vehicle is on the Road.
Opel-Vectra pHCCI 2015
Mercedes Dies-otto PHCCI Test Vehicle is on the Road.
Volkswagen Touran CCS(Combined Combustion Spark) 2015
GCI(Gasoline Compression Ignition)
Ford pHCCI 2015
Conclusion
HCCI is a combustion concept which is developed in response to the need
of lower NOx & soot emission and Efficiency.
It can substantially overcome both the problems but still it needs a lot of
development.


Thanks