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GROUP 1

FANY RIZKI S.
GRACE DANA AYORI
HARUN ALRASYID F.
RAHMAT SYAIFULLAH
RYAN ADRIADI N.
YUSUF AGUNG MAULANA

1 CIVIL 2 MORNING PROGRAM
STATE POLYTECHNIC OF JAKARTA
TYPES OF
NUMBER
Different types of numbers are used in many cases.

NUMBER SYSTEM

The most familiar numbers are the natural numbers or
counting numbers: one, two, three, and so on. Traditionally,
the sequence of natural numbers started with 1 (0 was not
even considered a number for the Ancient Greeks.)
However, in the 19th century, set theorists and other
mathematicians started including 0 (cardinality of the empty
set, i.e. 0 elements, where 0 is thus the smallest cardinal
number) in the set of natural numbers.[citation needed]
Today, different mathematicians use the term to describe
both sets, including zero or not.
The negative of a positive integer is defined as a number
that produces zero when it is added to the corresponding
positive integer.
Negative numbers are usually written with a negative sign
(a minus sign).
Example : the negative of 7 is written 7, and 7 + (7) = 0.
When the set of negative numbers is
combined with the set of natural numbers (which
includes zero), the result is defined as the set of
integer numbers, also called integers
A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a
simple fraction with an integer numerator and a non-zero
natural number denominator.
Example :
1, 5 is rational because it can be writen as the ratio 3/2
7 is rational because it can be writen as the ratio 7/1
0,317 is rational because it can be writen as the ratio
317/100
Some number cannot be written as a ratio of two integers,
they are called Irrational Numbers, because it cannot be
written as a ratio (or fraction).
Example :
= 3,1415926535897932384626433832795 (and more)
e = 2,7182818284590452353602874713527
*ex 3 = 1,7320508075688772935274463415059

The real numbers include all of the measuring numbers.
This includes (but is not limited to) positive and negatives,
integers and rational numbers, square roots, cube roots,
(pi), etc.
R = Q Q

COMPLEX NUMBER
Are numbers built up from a real part and an imaginary
part. The complex numbers consists of all numbers of the
form: a + bi
here a and b are real numbers, and i is a
mathemathical symbol which is called imaginary unit. (ex:
3+2i)
C = {a+bi l a, b R and I = (-1)}
Precent means per hundred. 10 percent is just anotjer way of
saying ten out of a hundred, or ten hundredths.
To convert a fraction to a precentage. Divide the numerator by
the denominator. Yhen move the decimal point two places to
the right (which is the same as multiplying by 100) and add a
percent sign.
Example :
Given the fraction 5/8 what is the percentage ?
5/8 = 0,625 and than multiplying by 100
0,625x100 = 62,5 % and add a percent sign.
Change a percentage to a fraction, divide it by 100 and
reduce the fraction or move the decimal point to the right
until you have only integers :
10% = 10/100 = 1/10
62,5% = 62,5/100 = 625/1000
625/1000 = 125/200 = 25/40 = 5/8
Is a positive integer (p>1) that has no positive integer
divisors other than 1 and itself.
Example :
the only divisors of 13 are 1 and 13, making 13 a prime
number (2, 3, 5, and 37 are the others examples of prime
numbers)
24 has divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 (corresponding
to the factorization), making 24 not a prime number.

Prime number are therefore numbers that cannot be
factored.
A fraction represents a part of a whole or, more
generally, any number of equal parts. When spoken in
everyday English, we specify how many parts of a certain
size there are, for example, one-half, five-eighths and
three-quarters.
PROPER FRACTION
is just a fraction where the numerator (the top number) is
less than the denominator (the bottom number), like
(one-half), (one-quarter), (three-fourths), etc.

INPROPER FRACTION
is a fraction where the top number is bigger than the
buttom number, like 7/4 (seven-fourths), etc.

MIXED FRACTION
a whole number and proper fraction together, like1, 2,
3, etc. but for everyday use people understand mixed
fractions better, like it is easier to say I ate 2
sausages, than I ate 9/4 sausages
is a fraction where the denominator is a power of ten.
Decimal fractions are commonly expressed using decimal
notation in which the implied denominator is determined by
the number of digits to the right of a decimal separator, the
appearance of which (e.g., a period, a raised period (), a
comma) depends on the locale. Thus for 0.75 the numerator
is 75 and the implied denominator is 10 to the second
power, viz. 100, because there are two digits to the right of the
decimal separator. In decimal numbers greater than 1 (such
as 3.75), the fractional part of the number is expressed by the
digits to the right of the decimal (with a value of 0.75 in this
case). 3.75 can be written either as an improper fraction,
375/100, or as a mixed number, .
Decimal fractions can also be expressed using scientific
notation with negative exponents, such as 6.02310
7
, which
represents 0.0000006023. The 10
7
represents a denominator
of 10
7
. Dividing by 10
7
moves the decimal point 7 steps to the
left.

BASIC
OPERATION IN
MATHEMATICS
Adding two (or more) numbers means to find their sum.
The symbol used for addition is +
Example : 5 + 10 = 15
five plus ten is equal to fifteen
PROPERTY OF ADDITION
Commutative, forwards addition is the same as
backwards addition.
a+b = b+a
[ex : 3+7 = 7+3 = 10]
Associative, addition of a list of numbers is the same
regardless of which are added together first.
a+(b+c) = (a+b)+c
[ex: 1+(2+3) = (1+2)+3 = 6]

Substracting one number from another number is
to find the difference between them. The symbol
used for substraction is
Example :17 - 8 = 9
seventeen take away eight is equal to
nine (17 minus 8 is 9)
Substraction is not in general commutative :
a b 0 a - b b - a
Example : [2 3 = -1] [3 2 = 1]
Nor is it in general associative
a (b c) (a b) c
Example : [6 (2 1)] [(6 2) 1]

Multiplication means times (or repeated addition). The symbol
used for multiplication is x. A product is the result of the
multiplication of two (or more) numbers.
Example : 7 x 2 = 14
seven times two is equal to fourteen
Property of Multiplication
Commutative
a x b = b x a
[ex : 2 x 3 = 3 x 2 = 6]
Associative
a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c
[ex: 3 x (4 x 5) = (3 x 4) x 5 = 60]
Distributive
a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
[ex : 2 x (3 + 4) = (2 x 3) + (2 x 4) = 14]




Division undoes multiplication and involves a number
called the dividend being divided by another number
called the divisiour. The symbol used for division is . A
quotient is the result of division.
Celarly, 9 x 8 = 72
72 9 = 8 and 72 8 = 9
Example :
Calculate 692 4 !
Solution :
173 Quotient
Divisor 4 692 Dividend
4 -
29
28 -
12
12-
0 Remainder
Note:
As division is the invers of multiplication, start by dividing 4 into the column
furthest to the left.
6 4 = 1 and 2 is the remainder
Clearly, the remainder 2 is 200 (i.e. 20 tens); and we can carry this into the
tens column to make 29.
Now, 29 4 = 7 with a remainder of 1. Clearly, the remainder of 1 is 10 (i.e.
10 uits) and we can carry this into the units column to make 12.
Finally, 12 4 = 3
1. 4 2 ( ) 2 4, the symbol of brackets is
2. 1 , we read it

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